Biological investigation of the barnacle Microeuraphia permitini (Zevina & Litinova, 1970) in Bandar Abbas beach (Persian Gulf)

Jahangiri Zarkani, Ali; Keshavarz, Mousa; Shahdadi, Adnan

Biological investigation of the barnacle Microeuraphia permitini (Zevina & Litinova, 1970) in Bandar Abbas beach (Persian Gulf)

Authors

Ali Jahangiri Zarkani

Mousa Keshavarz

Adnan Shahdadi

Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Post Box: 3995 Bandar Abbas, Iran

Abstract

Barnacles are bottom-dwelling crustaceans that live on a variety of substrates, including rocks, mollusk shells, corals, sponges, mangrove roots and leaves, and the body surface of turtles and whales. The present study deals with the species Microeuraphia permitini on the shores of Bandar Abbas in two stations of mangrove forest and rocky beach in a period of two months, and has investigated the morphometrics of the specimens, while considering the effect of the lunar cycle on reproduction, temperature and wind speed of the environment. Five longitudinal parameters (height, basal length and width, opercular length and width) were recorded. The results showed that 90% and 70% of the samples of both stations had eggs in the second day (new moon) and eighth days of lunar months, respectively, and in the twelfth day of the lunar month (full moon) all samples contained eggs. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the height and base length of the barnacle, but the difference between the opercular length, opercular width and base width is not significant. In addition, in both of mangrove and rocky stations, there was the highest correlation coefficient between opercular length and width (r=0.84 and r=0.78, respectively). The lowest correlation coefficient in mangrove station was between base length and opercular width (r=0.5) and in rocky station between height and base width (r=0.2). The wind pattern was variable during this period and the approximate decrease of the north wind was seen during the sampling period. Air temperature changes were seen between minimum 30 °C and maximum 39 °C. In addition to the tidal cycle, wind and temperature can affect the spawning of the species as an environmental stress factor.

Keywords

Air temperature

lunar cycle

mangrove forest

morphology

operculum width

Wind speed

Al-Aidaroos, A.M. & Satheesh, S. 2014. Larval development and settlement of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite from the Red Sea: Influence of the nauplii hatching season. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 43: 170-177.
Aldred, N., Scardino, A., Cavaco, A., de Nys, R. & Clare, A.S. 2010. Attachment strength is a key factor in the selection of surfaces by barnacle cyprids (Balanus amphitrite) during ettlement. Biofouling 26: 287-299.
Anderson, D. T. 1994. Barnacles: Structure, function, development and evolution. Chapman and Hall, London.
Battaglia, P., Pedà, C., Malara, D., Milisenda, G., MacKenzie, B.R., Esposito, V., Consoli, P., Vicchio, T.M., Stipa, M.G., Pagano, L., Longo, F. & Romeo, T. 2022. Importance of the lunar cycle on mesopelagic foraging by Atlantic Bluefin tuna in the upwelling area of the strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea). Animals 12: 2261.
Berger, M.S. & Emlet, R.B. 2007. Heat-shock response of the upper intertidal barnacle Balanus glandula: thermal stress and acclimation. The Biological Bulletin 212: 232-241.
Bertness, M.D., Leonard, G.H., Levine, J.M. & Bruno, J.F. 1999. Climate-driven interactions among rocky intertidal organisms caught between a rock and a hot place. Oecologia 120: 446-450.
Chan, B.K. & Prabowo, R.E. 2009. Crustacean fauna of Taiwan: Barnacles, volume 1: Cirripedia: Thoracica excluding the pyrgomatidae and acastinae (Vol. 1). National Taiwan Ocean University.
Chan, B.K.K. & Høeg, J.T. 2015. Diversity of lifestyles, sexual systems, and larval development patterns in sessile crustaceans. Lifestyles and feeding biology: The Natural History of the Crustacea (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press, Oxford 14-34.
Desai, D.V., Anil, A.C. & Venkat, K. 2006. Reproduction in Balanus amphitrite Darwin (Cirripedia: Thoracica): influence of temperature and food concentration. Marine Biology 149: 1431-1441.
Fernando, S.A. & Ramamoorthi, K. 1977. Breeding of Chthamalus malayensis, Pilsbry from Tranquebar (south east coast of India). In Proceedings protection of material in the sea. R & D of Ministry of Defence, N.C.M.L., Bombay 316-322.
Franco, S.C., Aldred, N., Sykes, A.V., Cruz, T. & Clare, A.S. 2015. The effects of rearing temperature on reproductive conditioning of stalked barnacles (Pollicipes pollicipes). Aquaculture 448: 410-417.
Gedan, K.B., Bernhardt, J., Bertness, M.D. & Leslie, H.M. 2011. Substrate size mediates thermal stress in the rocky intertidal. Ecology 92: 576-582.
Gomes-Filho, J.G.F., Hawkins, S.J., Aquino-Souza, R. & Thompson, R.C. 2010. Distribution of barnacles and dominance of the introduced species Elminius modestus along two estuaries in South-West England. Marine Biodiversity Records. 3. E58.
Harley, C.D. 2008. Tidal dynamics, topographic orientation, and temperature-mediated mass mortalities on rocky shores. Marine Ecology Progress Series 371: 37-46.
He, L.S., Zhang, G. & Qian, P.Y. 2013. Characterization of two 20kDa-cement protein (cp20k) homologues in Amphibalanus amphitrite. PLoS One 8: 1-9.
Herrera, M., Wethey, D. S., Vázquez, E. & Macho, G. 2021. Living on the edge: reproductive cycle of a boreal barnacle at its southernmost distribution limit. Marine Biology 168: 100.
Hines, A.H. 1978. Reproduction in three species of intertidal barnaclesfrom central California. Biological Bulletin 154: 262-281.
Inatsuchi, A., Yamato, S. & Yusa, Y. 2010. Effects of temperature and food availability on growth and reproduction in the neustonic pedunculate barnacle Lepas anserifera. Marine Biology 157: 899-905.
Kannika, M.K., Revathi, K., Karthikeyan, P., Marigoudar, S.R. & Sharma, K.V. 2020. Optimization of culture conditions for rearing of barnacle nauplii Amphibalanus amphitrite. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology 573-584.
Kas΄yanov, V.L., Korn, O.M. & Rybakov, A.V. 1997. Reproductive strategy of cirripedes: 2. Asexual reproduction, fecundity, reproductive cycles. Russian Jornal of Marine Biology 23: 291-297.
Kasten, P. & Flores, A.A. 2013. Disruption of endogenous tidal rhythms of larval release linked to food supply and heat stress in an intertidal barnacle. Marine Ecology Progress Seris 472: 185-198.
Karande, A.A. 1965. On cirripede crustaceans (barnacles) an important fouling group in Bombay waters. Proceedings of symposium on crustacea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 4: 1945-1950.
Kelly, M.W. & Sanford, E. 2010. The evolution of mating systems in barnacles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 392: 37-45.
Klaoudatos, D., Kotsiri, Z., Neofitou, N., Lolas, A. & Vafidis, D. 2020. Population characteristics of the mid-littoral chthamalid barnacle Chthamalus stellatus (Poli, 1791) in eastern mediterranean (Central Greece). Water 12: 3304.
Koh, L.L., O΄Riordan, R.M. & Lee, W.J. 2005. Sex in the tropics: reproduction of Chthamalus malayensis Pilsbry (Class Cirripedia) at theequator. Marine Biology 147: 121-133.
Lamb, E.A., Leslie, H.M. & Shinen, J.L. 2014. Both like it hot? influence of temperature on two co-occurring intertidal barnacles in central Chile. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 453: 54-61.
Lewis, J.A. & Coutts, A.D.M. 2009. “Biofouling invasions” in Biofouling. eds. S. Dürr and J. C. Thomason (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell) 348-365.
Macho, G., Molares, J. & Vázquez, E. 2005. Timing of larval release by three barnacles from the NW Iberian Peninsula. Marine Ecology Progress Series 298: 251-260. Michiels, N.K. 1998. Mating conflicts and sperm competition in simultaneous hermaphrodites. In: Birkhead, T.R., Møller, A.P. (Eds.), Sperm competition and sexual selection. Academic Press, London 219-254.
Nasrolahi, A. 2012. Stress ecology: interactive effect of temperature and salinity on early life stages of barnacle, Amphibalanus improvisus. Ph.D. diss., Christian-Albrechts-Universität.
O´Riordan, Ruth M., Power, A.M. & Myers, A.A. 2010. Factors, atdifferent scales, affecting the distribution of species of the genus Chthamalus Ranzani (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Chthamaloidea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 392: 46-64.
Perez-Losada, M., Harp, M., Hoeg, J.T., Achituv, Y., Jones, D., Watanabe, H. & Crandall, K.A. 2008. The tempo and mode of barnacle evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 328-346.
Pitriana, P., Valente, L., von Rintelen, T., Jones, D.S., Prabowo, R.E. & von Rintelen, K. 2020. An annotated checklist and integrative biodiversity discovery of barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, East Indonesia. ZooKeys 945: 17-83.
Qiu, J.W. & Qian, P.Y. 1999. Tolerance of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite amphitrite to salinity and temperature stress: effects of previous experience. Marine Ecology Progress Series 188: 123-132.
Raimondi, P.T. & Martin, J.E. 1991. Evidence that mating group-size affects allocation of reproductive resources in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. The American Naturalist 138: 1206-1217.
Rege, M.S., Joshi, S.S. & Karande, A. A. 1980. Breeding in Balanus amphitrite Darwin Inhabiting polluted waters off Bombay coast. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 9: 15-18.
Román, S., Weidberg, N., Muñiz, C., Aguion, A., Vázquez, E., Santiago, J., Seoane, P., Barreiro, B., Outeiral, R., Villegas-Ríos, D. & Fandiño, S. 2022. Mesoscale patterns in barnacle reproduction are mediated by upwelling-driven thermal variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 685:153-170.
Satheesh, S. & Wesley, S.G. 2009. Breeding biology of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Crustacea: Cirripedia): influence of environmental factors in a tropical coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89: 1203-1208.
Savari, R., Kamrani, E., Shahdadi, A. & Rezaie-Atagholipour, M. 2014. Influence of temperature and food concentrations on growth and moulting of the barnacle, Microeuraphia permitini (Zevina & Litvinova, 1970) (Chthamalidae, Euraphinae): a laboratory experiment. Crustaceana 87: 641-653.
Shahbazi, M., Souri Nejad, I., Gorgin, S., Mirmohammad Sadeghi, G. & Yousefzadi, M. 2018. The relationship between seasonal changes in environmental parameters and the biodiversity and biomass of macrofoulings in Fishing cages in Lenge Port. Journal of Animal Environment 4: 369-376. (In Persian).
Shahdadi, A. & Sari, A. 2011. Chthamalid barnacles (Cirripedia. Thoracica) of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Iran. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91: 745-753.
Sheykhian, F., Eaidi, M. & Ashja Ardelan, A. 2016. Identification of barnacles in the intertidal areas of Hormuz Island using Scanning electron microscopy. Biological knowledge of Iran 10:23-30. (In Persian).
Skinner, L.F., Siviero, F. N. & Coutinho, R. 2007. Comparative growth of the intertidal barnacle Tetraclita stalactifera (Thoracica: Tetraclitidae) in sites influenced by upwelling and tropical conditions at the Cabo Frio region, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 55: 71-78.
Sundell, K., Wrange, A.L., Jonsson, P.R. & Blomberg, A. 2019. Osmoregulation in barnacles: an evolutionary perspective of potential mechanisms and future research directions. Frontiers in physiology 10:1-16.
Thiyagarajan, V. & Qian, P.Y. 2008. Proteomic analysis of larvae during development, attachment, and metamorphosis in the fouling barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. Proteomics 8: 3164-3172.
Trivedi, J.N., Doshi, M., Patel, K.J. & Chan, B.K. 2021. Diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from Gujarat, northwest India. ZooKeys 1026: 143-178.
Yamaguchi, S., Charnov, E.L., Sawada, K. & Yusa, Y. 2012. Sexual systems and life history of barnacles: a theoretical perspective. Integrative and Comparative Biology 52: 356-365.
Yamaguchi, S., Yusa, Y., Yamato, S., Urano, S. & Takahashi, S. 2008. Mating group size and evolutionarily stable pattern of sexuality in barnacles. Journal of Theoretical Biology 253: 61-73.
Yan, Y., Chan, B.K.K. & Gray, A.W. 2006. Reproductive development ofthe barnacle Chthamalus malayensis in Hong Kong: implications for thelife-history patterns of barnacles on seasonal, tropical shores. Marine Biology 148: 875-887.
Yan, Y. & Miao, S. 2004. The effect of temperature on the reproductive cycle of the tropical barnacle, Chthamalus malayensis Pilsbry (Cirripedia). Crustaceana 77: 205-212.