Nova Biologica Reperta

Abstract In this study the effect of iron of Fe (So₄)₂ (7H₂O( and probiotics BioPlus 2B on some blood parameters was investigated on 270 of Rutilus frisii kutum fry with total weight of 0.4±0.1 gr and total length of 3.9±0.3 cm in nine treatments and triplicates during 60 days. Results showed that the highest number of red blood cells (RBCs) (1.65×10⁶± 1.55 per mm³⁾, hemoglobin concentration (7.36±0.15 g/dl), hematocrit concentration (24.03±0.85 %), MCV (1.45±1.48 Fl), MCH (46.29±0.25 pg) and lymphocyte (92±2) belong to treatment 5. The highest level of MCHC (34.65±0.67 g/dl) and the greatest level of white blood cells (6.6±100 per mm³) were observed in treatments 4 and 8, respectively. The findings of this research showed that treatment 5 contained the highest amount of iron (7 mg/kg of feed) and probiotics (CFC 1.6×10⁹) resulted in the highest amount of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and lymphocytes in this study.

Abstract Gypsophila is the fourth biggest genus of Caryophyllaceae. Presence or absence of indumentum on different parts of the plant is one of the most important diagnostic characters between the species of this genus. The indumentum of 13 taxa of this genus were examined using scanning electron microscopy. All taxa had multicellular and glandular trichomes. Size of trichomes can represent as distinguishing trait between morphologically closed species. Although the most important characters in the delimitation of the sections were morphological, trichomes characters were also supportive. The indumentum was constant among different populations of each species except for two species whose glabrous specimens were described here as new varieties: Gypsophila pilosa var. glabra and Gypsophila polyclada var. leioclada

Abstract Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormon which has important effects on osmoregulation in marine fish. In this study the effect of oral cortisol on resistance (salinity stress in 12ppt during 7 days) in common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry was investigated. For this purpose, common carp (1.36±0.12 gr) was distributed in 3 treatments and 1 control group in 3 replicates and fed with commercial food containing 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mg kg^-1 food hydrocortisone during 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, hematocrit, biochemical blood parameters (glucose, calcium and total protein) and resistance of fish were determined. The results showed no significance in survival rates between treatments (p>0.05). Glucose levels in the control treatment was significantly lower than other treatments at the end of the trail by serological investigation (p<0.05). Fish were let in salinity stress and after 7 days all treatments showed a significant increase in the value of glucose (p<0.05). The highest value of glucose was observed in fish on fed 100 and 200mg hydrocortisone per kg^-1 food )73.04±1.40) (p<0.05) and the highest level of haematocrit was observed after stress in the control group (61.67±2.08) (p<0.05). Calcium Ionic factor showed a significant increase in all treatments except for the control treatment (11.17±0.31) (p<0.05) and the highest value was observed in fish fed 200 mg hydrocortisone per kg^-1. Total protein in fish treat-cortisol was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that oral administration of cortisol can improve the salinity resistance in the common carp fry

Abstract There are multiple neurotransmitters and neuromodulator systems mediating memory formation among which the endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in the memory formation by modulating the release of many neurotransmitters. Nucleus accumbens appears to have a site in the central of neuronal circuits of the limbic system and to be responsible for the integration and consolidation of inputs from other parts of the brain. In this study the influence of bilateral intra-nucleus accumbens shell microinjections of cannabinoid receptor agents on memory consolidation in adult male rats using passive avoidance task was investigated. The results showed that the intra-accumbens shell microinjection of ACPA as a CB1 receptor agonist (6 ng/rat) immediately after training decreased passive avoidance memory consolidation, while administration of its antagonist (AM251) at different doses did not affect passive avoidance memory consolidation. However, co-administration of AM251 (60 ng/rat) with an effective dose of ACPA prevented the impairment memory consolidation induced by ACPA. These results suggest that the accumbens shell cannabinoid system as a modulating system is involved in aversive memory consolidation including passive avoidance memory.

Abstract This study was carried out to show the effects of herbal supplement of Sangrovit on the growth parameters, blood biochemical factors, survival and resistance to salinity of the Caspian kutum fry. Fish (1±0.003 g) were divided into four groups fed on diets containing sangrovit at different levels: 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 % for 45 days. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of the fish fed on sangrovit diets (p<0.05). In addition, food conversion rate of fish fed on sangrovit diet was found to be significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the condition factor, glucose and total protein levels of the experimental groups and the control group (p>0.05). On the other hand, blood cholesterol of the Caspian kutum was significantly increased in the control group (190.17±0.013 mg dl^-1) in comparison to treatments sangrovit (p<0.05). Survival and resistance to salinity stress remained unaffected by dietary supplementation of sangrovit (p>0.05). The results of the present study also indicated that dietary Primalac beneficially affected the growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of the Caspian kutum fry. The findings of the present study indicated that the herbal supplement of sangrovit could improve the growth rate, feed utilization and blood biochemical parameters of the Caspian kutum fry.

Abstract Origanum vulgare was used as an effective herbal for infertility treatment in traditional medicine. The present study compared the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of the air branch of Origanum vulgare, LHRH-A_2, and17β-estradiol on the ultrastructure of oocyte and pituitary in immature Trichogaster trichopterus. For this purpose 60 pieces of Trichogaster trichopterus with average weight of 2.1±1gram were divided into 6 groups: saline, placebo, ethanol and 3 experimental groups (Origanum vulgare and 17β-estradiol at a dose of 50 mg/kg and LHRH-A₂ at a dose of 0.005 mg/kg) (each group 10 fish). Fish were injected intra-muscularly, one dose every other day and seven doses in total. Ultrastructure of oocyte and anterior pituitary in the three treatments were measured and compared with control treatments. The results showed that the size of oocytes follicle and the mean diameter of Golgi vesicles in Origanum vulgare treatment was higher than that in LHRH-A₂ treatment, but there were lesser than that in 17beta-estradiol treatment (p≤0.05). The results of the ultrastructural comparision of the anterior pituitary showed that in Origanum vulgare treatment the number of small cells increased and made a few large granules in gonadotroph cells. In fish treated with 17β-estradiol the number of large granules increased significantly, whereas in LHRH-A₂ treatment large granules were lysed and stimulation was complete. The present results suggested that the Origanum vulgare affected Trichogaster trichopterus fertility.

Abstract Dittrichia graveolens (Asteraceae) is an aromatic and annual plant. The aim of this study is the evaluation of total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol content, the antioxidant activities and other important medicinal secondary metabolites of this plant. According to the results, the total amount of phenols and flavonoid in different plant organs of D. graveolens were different in a way that the content of total phenols and flavonoid in the flowers and leaves were significantly more than the stems and roots. The content of flavonol in the flowers, leaves and stems were not significantly different, and the lowest content was observed in the roots. In addition, the linear and significant correlation coefficient was found between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic compounds in the extracts of different organs of the plant. The main components in different extracts were Bornyl acetate and α-Cadinol in flower extract, Borneol, Bornyl acetate, Thymol and Calarene in leaf extract and PMAMOMPE, Safrole, Carvacryl acetate, Vulgarone B and Bornyl acetate in root extract. On the whole, the current results compared with the results of other researchers indicates the remarkable impact of plant habitat on the quality and quantity of pharmaceutical compounds in different organs of the plant