Evaluation of the effect of salinity stress and different planting methods on root characteristics, allometric coefficient and grain yield of Galega officinalis

Samsami, Naser; Jalilian, Jalal; Gholinezhad, Esmaeil; Tahmasebi, Raheleh

doi:https://doi.org/10.22034/NBR.12.3.1

Evaluation of the effect of salinity stress and different planting methods on root characteristics, allometric coefficient and grain yield of Galega officinalis

Authors

Naser Samsami ¹

Jalal Jalilian ¹

Esmaeil Gholinezhad ²

Raheleh Tahmasebi ³

¹ Urmia University

² Payame Noor University

³ Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22034/NBR.12.3.1

Abstract

This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications with aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of salinity stress on root traits, allometric coefficient, and grain yield of Galega in three cultivation conditions (greenhouse, outdoor pots, and field) during 2024 cropping year. The results of variance analysis in greenhouse conditions showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on root diameter, root dry weight, and leaf dry weight. Specifically, salinity stress of 10 and 5 dS/m caused a 49 and 16 percent reduction in root diameter, 27 and 8 percent in root dry weight, and 49 and 10 percent in leaf dry weight, respectively. In outdoor pots, salinity stress had a significant effect on stem length, root volume, root diameter, root dry weight, stem dry weight and grain yield, and significant reductions were observed in these traits, reaching a maximum of 69% in stem dry weight. In field conditions, similar results were obtained, and salinity stress of 10 and 5 dS/m, respectively, caused a 78 and 67% reduction in grain yield and significant changes in other traits. Therefore, field cultivation conditions and lower salinity stress levels (below 5 dS/m) were superior for planting Galega.

Keywords

Agronomic Traits

environmental stress

Greenhouse Conditions

medicinal plants

Pot Cultivation

Acosta-Motos, J.R., Diaz-Vivancos, P., Álvarez, S., Fernández-García, N., Sánchez-Blanco M.J. & Hernández, J.A. 2015. NaCl-induced physiological and biochemical adaptative mechanisms in the ornamental Myrtus communis L. plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 183, 41-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.005.
Bailey, C.J. & Day, C. 2004. Metformin: its botanical background. Practical diabetes international 21(3), 115-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.606
Byrt, C.S., Munns, R., Burton, R.A., Gilliham, M. & Wege, S. 2018. Root cell wall solutions for crop plants in saline soils. Plant Science 269, 47-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.12.012
Colantoni, A., Recchia, L., Bernabei, G., Cardarelli, M., Rouphael, Y. & Colla, G. 2017. Analyzing the environmental impact of chemically-produced protein hydrolysate from leather waste vs. enzymatically-produced protein hydrolysate from legume grain. Agriculture 7(8), 62. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7080062
Egamberdieva, D., Berg, G., Lindström, K. & Räsänen, L.A. 2013. Alleviation of salt stress of symbiotic Galega officinalis L.(goat's rue) by co-inoculation of Rhizobium with root-colonizing Pseudomonas. 369, 453-465. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1586-3
Flowers, T.J. & Yeo, A.R. 1995. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: where next? 22(6), 875-884. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22(6) 875 - 884. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9950875
Flowers, T.J. & Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New phytologist 179(4), 945-963. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02531.x
Heidari, F., Jalilian, J. & Gholinezhad, E. 2020. The roll of foliar application nano-fertilizers in modulating the negative effects of salt stress in quinoa. Journal of Crops Improvement 22(4), 587-600. dor: https://www.magiran.com/p2215847
Hoseini, F., Siadat, S., Bakhshandeh, A. & Chab, A.N. 2011. Evaluate the effect of oxygen tension on germination and seedling growth of five components of wheat. 9(4), 631-638. doi: 10.22067/GSC.V9I4.13242
Hosseini, H., Mousavi-Fard, S., Fatehi, F. & Qaderi, A. 2017. Changes in phytochemical and morpho-physilogical traits of thyme (Thymus vulgaris cv varico 3) under different salinity levels. Journal of Medicinal Plants 16(61), 22-33. dor: 20.1001.1.2717204.2017.16.61.18.9
Johnson, R., Joel, J.M. & Puthur, J.T. 2024. Biostimulants: The futuristic sustainable approach for alleviating crop productivity and abiotic stress tolerance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 43(3), 659-674. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11144-3
Jung, M., Park, M., Lee, H.C., Kang, Y.H., Kang, E.S. & Kim, S.K. 2006. Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants. Current Medicinal Chemistry 13(10), 1203-1218. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/092986706776360860
Karakaş, F.P., Yildirim, A. & Türker, A. 2012. Biological screening of various medicinal plant extracts for antibacterial and antitumor activities. Turkish Journal of Biology 36(6), 641-652. doi: 10.3906/biy-1203-16
Kasznicki, J., Sliwinska, A. & Drzewoski, J. 2014. Metformin in cancer prevention and therapy. Annals of Translational Medicine 2(6):57. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.06.01.
Kaya, C., Higgs, D. & Sakar, E. 2002. Response of two leafy vegetables grown at high salinity to supplementary potassium and phosphorus during different growth stages. Journal of Plant Nutrition 25(12), 2663-2676. doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120015530
Kerbiriou, P.J., Stomph, T.J., Lammerts Van Bueren, E.T. & Struik, P.C. 2013. Influence of transplant size on the above-and below-ground performance of four contrasting field-grown lettuce cultivars. Frontiers in Plant Science 4, 379. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00379
Kesahvarznia, R., Shahbazi, M., Mohammadi, V., Hosseini Salekdeh, G., Ahmadi, A. & Mohseni-Fard, E.J.I.J.o.F.C.S. 2014. The impact of barley root structure and physiological traits on drought response. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 45(4), 553-563. doi: 10.22059/IJFCS.2014.53565
Kumawat, K.C., Nagpal, S. & Sharma, P. 2022. Potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-plant interactions in mitigating salt stress for sustainable agriculture: A review. Pedosphere 32(2), 223-245. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(21)60070-X
Liu, C., Jiang, X. & Yuan, Z.J.H. 2024. Plant Responses and Adaptations to Salt Stress: A Review. Horticulturae 10(11), 1221. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10111221
Lucini, L., Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Canaguier, R., Kumar, P. & Colla, G. 2015. The effect of a plant-derived biostimulant on metabolic profiling and crop performance of lettuce grown under saline conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 182, 124-133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.11.022
Mamedov, A.I. & Husiyev, E.K.J.E.S.P. 2022. Allometric Model for Predicting Root Biomass of Field crops in the salt-affected clay soil: Novel Approach. Environmenta Sciences Proceedings 16(1), 11. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016011
Mooney, M., Fogarty, S., Stevenson, C., Gallagher, A., Palit, P., Hawley, S., . . . Tate, R. 2008. Mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of galegine that contribute to weight loss in mice. British Journal of Pharmacology 153(8), 1669-1677. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjp.2008.37
Munns, R. 1992. A leaf elongation assay detects an unknown growth inhibitor in xylem sap from wheat and barley. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 19(2), 127-135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9920127
Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment 25(2), 239-250. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x
Munns, R. & Tester, M.J.A.R.P.B. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59(1), 651-681. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911
Negrão, S., Schmöckel, S. & Tester, M. 2017. Evaluating physiological responses of plants to salinity stress. Annals of Botany 119(1), 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw191
Neumann, G. & Römheld, V. 2002. Root-induced changes in the availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere. Book chapter: Plant roots: the hidden half, No. Ed.3, 617-649 ref. many. ISBN: 0-8247-0631-5
Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C., Domingo, R., Torrecillas, A. & Pérez-Pastor, A. 2000. Water stress preconditioning to improve drought resistance in young apricot plants. Plant Science 156(2), 245-251. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00262-4
Shafi, M., Zhang, G., Bakht, J., Khan, M.A., Islam, U., Khan, M.D. & Raziuddin, G. 2010. Effect of cadmium and salinity stresses on root morphology of wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42(4), 2747-2754. URL: http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/42(4)/PJB42(4)2747.pdf
Sharma, A. 2018. Gene expression analysis in medicinal plants under abiotic stress conditions. Plant Metabolites and Regulation Under Environmental Stress 407-414. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812689-9.00023-6
Siswanti, D. & Umah, N. 2021. Effect of biofertilizer and salinity on growth and chlorophyll content of Amaranthus tricolor L. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Talei, D.Sharifi, R. & Pirsalehi, M. 2018. Study of Morpho-physiological responses of Purslane to methyl jasmonate under salinity stress conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement 20(3), 667-678. doi: 10.22059/jci.2018.257674.2028
Zuzunaga-Rosas, J., Calone, R., Mircea, D.M., Shakya, R., Ibáñez-Asensio, S., Boscaiu, M., . . . Vicente, O. 2024. Mitigation of salt stress in lettuce by a biostimulant that protects the root absorption zone and improves biochemical responses. Frontiers in Plant Science 15, 1341714. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1341714