The effect of environmental conditions on the functional traits of the endemic species Seseli olivieri Boiss.

Authors

1 University of Payame Noor

2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands

Abstract
Abstract. Seseli olivieri (Apiaceae) is an exclusive species of the Alborz Mountains, Iran. In this research, the effect of environmental conditions on the vegetative traits and essential oil compounds of this species was investigated. For this purpose, three habitats with different heights were selected and the vegetative characteristics of this species were measured. In each habitat, soil samples and flowering branches of this species were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The relationship between the functional traits of this species and environmental factors was determined using CA and PCA. Variance analysis of functional traits and soil parameters showed a significant difference between the three habitats. The highest values of vegetative traits were related to Tuyeh habitat. In Tange Kavard habitat, the main effective substances were Apiol and cis-Cadina-1(6),4-diene; in Enzo habitat, Apiol and Bornyl acetate; and in the Tuyeh habitat, Bornyl acetate and α-Pinene. Among the environmental factors, altitude, annual precipitation, annual temperature, minimum temperature of the coldest month, minimum absolute temperature, lime and nitrogen had the most significant correlation with the functional traits of this plant. Based on the IUCN criteria, the conservation status of this species was determined in the critically endangered.

Keywords


Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 4th ed. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Corporation.
Anonymous, 2009. Guidelines for Laboratory Analysis of Soil and Water Samples, no. 467. Tehran: Vice Presidency for Planning and Supervision Publications. (In Persian)
Arzani, H. & Abedi, M. 2015. Rangeland assessment (Vegetation measurement). University of Tehran Press, Tehran. (In Persian)
Bangar, S.P., Dunno, K., Kumar, M., Mostafa, H. & Maqsood, S. 2022. A comprehensive review on lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): Nutritional composition, health-related bioactive properties, and industrial applications. Journal of Functional Foods 89, 104937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2022. 104937.
Chizzola, R. 2019. Chemodiversity of Essential Oils in Seseli libanotis (L.) W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) in Central Europe. Chemistry & Biodiversity 16, e1900059. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201900059
Farhang Sardrodi, A., Kheyri, A., Soleymani, A. & Zibaseresht, R. 2015. Evaluation of morphological traits and oil contents of Achillea aucheri from different altitudes. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products 2: 219-223. https://doi.org/10.22092/JMPB.2015.108912
Garzoli, S., Masci, V.L., Ovidi, E., Turchetti, G., Zago, D. & Tiezzi, A. 2019. Chemical investigation of a biologically active Schinus molle L. leaf extract. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019, 8391263. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8391263
Habibi, Z., Masoudi, Sh. & Rustaiyan, A. 2003. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Seseli tortuosum L. ssp. kiabii khani. from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research 15(6): 412-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9698625
Hasani, R., Mehregan, I., Larijani, K., Nejadsattari, T. & Scalone, R. 2017. Survey of the impacts of soil and climatic variations on the production of essential oils in Heracleum persicum. BIODIVERSITAS 18(1): 365-377. https://doi.org/10.13057/ biodiv/d180148
Hassanabadi, M., Ebrahimi, M., Farajpour, M. & Dejahang, A. 2019. Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assa-foetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products 140, 111598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111598.
Hassler, M. 1994-2024. World plants: synonymic checklist and distribution of the world flora. Version 19.1; last update March 1st, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024, from https://www.worldplants.de/
Ibrahim, I.A., Jabbour, A.A., Abdulmajeed, A.M., Elhady, M.E., Almaroai, Y.A. & Hashim, A.M. 2022. Adaptive responses of four medicinal plants to high altitude oxidative stresses through the regulation of antioxidants and secondary metabolites. Agronomy 12(12): 3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123032
IUCN, 2022. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, 116 p.
Jahantab, E., Mahmoudi, M.R., Sharafatmandrad, M., Karimian, V., Sheidai-Karkaj, E., Khademi, A., Morshedloo, M.R., Hano, C. & Lorenzo, J.M. 2022. Determining effective environmental factors in the distribution of endangered endemic medicinal plant species using the BMLR model: The example of wild celery (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff., Apiaceae) in Zagros (Iran). Plants 11(21): 2965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ plants11212965
Karimi, A., Krahmer, A., Herwig, N., Hadian, J., Schulz, H. & Meiners, T. 2020. Metabolomics approaches for analyzing effects of geographic and environmental factors on the variation of root essential oils of Ferula assa-foetida L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68(37): 9940-9952. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03681
Li, Y., Kong, D., Fu, Y., Sussman, M.R. & Wu, H. 2020. The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 148: 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.006
Liu, W., Liu, J., Yin, D. & Zhao, X. 2015. Influence of ecological factors on the production of active substances in the anti-cancer plant Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S.Ying. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0122981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122981
Lomarat, P., Chancharunee, S., Anantachoke, N., Kitphati, W., Sripha, K. & Bunyapraphatsara, N. 2015. Bioactivity-guided separation of the active compounds in Acacia pennata responsible for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Natural Product Communications 10(8): 1431-1434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1501000830
Marčetić, M., Kovačević, N., Lakušić, D. & Lakušić, B. 2017. Habitat-related variation in composition of the essential oil of Seseli rigidum Waldst. & Kit. (Apiaceae). Phytochemistry 135: 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.004
Marčetić, M.D., Lakušić, B.S., Lakušić, D.V. & Kovačević, N.N. 2013. Variability of the root essential oils of Seseli rigidum Waldst. & Kit. (Apiaceae) from different populations in Serbia. Chemistry & Biodiversity 10(9): 1653-1666. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201200439
Masoudi, Sh., Esamaeili, A., Khalilzadeh, M.A., Rustaiyan, A., Moazami, N., Akhgar, M.R. & Varavipoor, M. 2006. Volatile constituents of Dorema aucheri Boiss., Seseli libanotis (L.) W.D. Koch var. armeniacum Bordz. and Conium maculatum L. three Umbelliferae herbs growing wild in Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 21(5): 801-804. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1722
Mirzaei Mossivand, A., Ghorbani, A., Zare Chahoki, M., Keivan Behjou, F. & Sefidi, K. 2018. Environmental factors affecting the distribution of Prangos uloptera in rangelands of Ardabil province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 24(4): 791-804. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2017.114890 (In Persian)
Mirzaei Mossivand, A., Ghorbani, A., Zare Chahoki, M., Keivan Behjou, F. & Sefidi, K. 2019. Comparison of some environmental factors effecting the distribution of Prangos ferulacea and P. pabularia in rangelands of Ardabil province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 25(2): 235-247. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2018.116837 (In Persian)
Moghaddam, M. & Farhadi, N. 2015. Influence of environmental and genetic factors on resin yield, essential oil content and chemical composition of Ferula assa-foetida L. populations. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2(3): 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.04.001
Mozaffarian, V. 2007. Eriocycla Lindl., Seseli L., Lomatopodium Fisch. & C.A. Mey. and Libanotis J. Hill – In: Assadi, M. (ed.), Flora of Iran, Umbelliferae, no. 54: 342-353. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Onder, A., Nahar, L., Cinar, A.S. & Sarker, S.D. 2023. The genus Seseli L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Journal of Herbal Medicine 38 (2023), Article 100625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100625.
Ozturk, S. & Ercisli, S. 2006. Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of Seseli libanotis. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 22: 261-265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-005-9029-9
Passos, B.G., de Albuquerque, R.D.D.G., Muñoz-Acevedo, A., Echeverria, J., Llaure-Mora, A.M., Ganoza-Yupanqui, M.L. & Rocha, L. 2022. Essential oils from Ocotea species: Chemical variety, biological activities and geographic availability. Fitoterapia 156, 105065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote. 2021.105065.
Rabdanova, N.P., Tykheev, Zh.A., Taraskin, V.V., Zhigmittsyrenova, B.M., Babinov, S.S., Goncharova, D.B., Kazakov, M.V. & Chimitov, D.G. 2024. Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from roots of Seseli condensatum. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 60(1): 171-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-024-04280-z
Rabie, M., Tabatabaei Ghomi, N.S., Asri, Y. & Bakhshi Khaniki, G. 2018. Vegetative characteristics and essential oil of Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss. in different habitats. Journal of Applied Biology 31(1): 90-108. https://doi.org/10.22051/JAB.2017.7871.1022 (In Persian)
Rajput, M.S., Rathore, D. & Dahima, R. 2018. Anti-inflammatory potential of α-Fenchol and α-Gurjunene: An in vitro study. Panacea Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 7(3): 129-135.
Rechinger, K.H. 1987. Eriocycla Lindl., Seseli L., Lomatopodium Fisch. & C.A. Mey. and Libanotis J. Hill – In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica, Umbelliferae, no. 162: 333-355. Akad. Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Saadatfar, A., Hossein Jafari, S. & Tavassolian, I. 2020. Effect of edaphic conditions on phytochemical latex yield of bitter asafetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.) medicinal plant in two natural habitats in Kerman province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants 8(1): 1-16. (In Persian)
Salehi, B., Upadhyay, S., Erdogan, O.I., Kumar Jugran, A., Jayaweera, S.L.D., Dias, D., Sharopov, F., Taheri, Y., Martins, N., Baghalpour, N., Cho, W.C. & Sharifi-Rad, J. 2019. Therapeutic potential of α- and β-Pinene: A miracle gift of nature. Biomolecules 9(11): 738. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9110738
Salinas, M., Bec, N., Calva, J., Ramírez, J., Andrade, J., Larroque, C., Vidari, G. & Armijos, C. 2020. Chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil from the ecuadorian plant Salvia pichinchensis Benth. Records of Natural Products 14(4): 276-285. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp. 164.19.07.1342
Sedghat, S., Rustaiyan, A., Khosravi, M. & Masoudi, Sh. 2003. Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Lomatopodium khorassanicum Mozaffarian, a species endemic to Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research 15(6): 416-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9698627
Sefidkon, F., Khajavi, M.S. & Mirza, M. 1997. Essential oil of Lomatopodium staurophyllum (Rech.f.) Rech.f. Journal of Essential Oil Research 9(4): 471-472. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700753
Shahabipour, S., Firuzi, O., Asadollahi, M., Miri, M. & Javidnia, K. 2013. Essential oil composition and cytotoxic activity of Libanotis transcaucasica Schischk. from Iran. Natural Products Chemistry & Research 1(2): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-68361000108
Shishkin, B.K. 1950. Libanotis L. – In: Shishkin, B.K. (ed.), Flora of the U.S.S.R. vol. XVI: 472-483. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva-Leningrad.
Todorova, M., Trendafilova, A. & Dimitrov, D. 2013. Essential oil composition of Seseli rigidum Waldst. from Bulgaria. Comptes rendus de l’Acade'mie bulgare des Sciences 66(7): 991-996.
Wu, K.H., Lee, W.J., Cheng, T.C., Chang, H.W., Chen, L.C., Chen, C.C., Lien, H.M., Lin, T.N. & Ho, Y.S. 2019. Study of the antitumor mechanisms of apiole derivatives (AP-02) from Petroselinum crispum through induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human COLO 205 cancer cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 19, 188. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2590-9
Yassa, N. & Akhani, H. 2016. The essential oils composition in two species of the genus Eriocycla Lindl. (Apiaceae) from Iran. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4866.2803
Zengin, G., Stojković, D., Mahomoodally, M.F., Jugreet, B.S., Paksoy, M.Y., Ivanov, M., Gašić, U., Gallo, M. & Montesano, D. 2021. Comprehensive biological and chemical evaluation of two Seseli species (S. gummiferum and S. transcaucasicum). Antioxidants 10(10), 1510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antiox10101510
Zhao, Z.-J., Sun, Y.-L. & Ruan, X.-F. 2023. Bornyl acetate: A promising agent in phytomedicine for inflammation and immune modulation. Phytomedicine 114, 154781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed. 2023.154781.
Živković, L., Čabarkapa, A., Marčetić, M., Kovačević, N., Bajić, V., Jovičić, S. & Spremo-Potparević, B. 2016. Evaluation of genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of essential oils of Seseli rigidum Waldst. & Kit. (Apiaceae). Archives of Biological Sciences 68(1): 135-144. https://doi.org/10.2298/ ABS150512135Z

  • Receive Date 08 June 2026
  • Publish Date 08 June 2026