The effect of Cannabis sativa extract on damages induced by electromagnetic fields on ovarian follicle maturation and hormonal surface changes in mice

Mehrbakhsh, Azita; Baharara, Javad; Zafar Balanejad, Saeedeh; Kerachian, Mohammad Amin

doi:10.52547/nbr.7.3.267

The effect of Cannabis sativa extract on damages induced by electromagnetic fields on ovarian follicle maturation and hormonal surface changes in mice

Authors

Azita Mehrbakhsh ¹

Javad Baharara ²

Saeedeh Zafar Balanejad ²

Mohammad Amin Kerachian ³

¹ Mashhad Branch of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

² Branch of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

³ , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.52547/nbr.7.3.267

Abstract

Electromagnetic waves (EMF) are a mixture of electrical and magnetic waves. The energy transmitted by these radiations is absorbed by living tissues. Electromagnetic fields seem to cause infertility in women. Cannabis is annual herbaceous plant grows in tropical areas. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Cannabis sativa in various doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg / kg on the damages induced by electromagnetic fields of 50 Hz and 50 Gauss, on the puberty of ovarian follicles and levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone hormones in NMRI immature mice. In this study, 48 NMRI immature female mice with an approximate age of 16 days and approximate weight of 18 grams were divided into 8 (experimental, sham, positive control and negative control) groups. After the treatment, the ovaries were extracted and weighed, and sections with H& E staining, the number of primordial, primary, secondary, and atretic follicles were counted, and the level of hormones have been done. The results showed that the concentration of 50 mg / kg of cannabis extract after the exposure to electromagnetic field of 50 Gauss could increase the number of follicles and reduce the number of atresia follicles. The group treated with the concentration of 50 mg / kg of cannabis extract after the exposure to electromagnetic field of 50 Gauss showed increased levels of FSH, LH and estradiol hormones (p <0.01) and a reduced level of progesterone (p <0.01). Therefore, the concentration of 50 mg / kg of cannabis extract have a protective role in preventing infertility due to ovarian tissue damages induced by electromagnetic fields.

Keywords

field intensity

follicle count

Infertility

NMRI

ovary weight

20.1001.1.24236330.1399.7.3.9.5

Ahmadi, S.S., Khaki, A.A., Ainehchi, N., Alihemmati, A., Khatooni, A.A., Khaki, A. & Asghari, A. 2016. Effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic field on the alteration of ovarian follicles in rats. Electronic Physician Journal 8: 2168-2174.
Ahmed, W. & Katz, S. 2016. Therapeutic use of cannabis in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology & Hepatology 12: 668-679.
Asghari, A., Khaki, A.A., & Khaki, A. 2016. A review on electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the reproductive system. Electron Physician 8: 2655-2662.
Asghari, A., Montaseri, A. & Khaki, A.A. 2015. A study of the protective effects of vitamin E and fennel extract on mitochondria changes in mice ovary due to electromagnetic field exposure.Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences 2: 10-13.
Avci, B., Akar, A., Bilgici, B. & Tuncel, O.K. 2012. Oxidative stress induced by 1.8 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and effects of garlic extract in rats. International Journal of Radiation Biology 88: 799-805.
Baharara, J. & Zahedifar, Z. 2013. Effect of green tea in decreasing electromagnetic waves damage. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 17: 29-34.
Baharara, J., Parivar, K., Oryan, Sh. & Ashraf, A.R. 2006. Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on gonads and fertility of female Balb/c mouse. Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 9: 1-11. (In Persian).
Baharara, J., Ramezani, T., Saghiri, N. & Salek F. 2019. nvestigating the apoptotic effects of silver nanoparticles coated with Achillea biebersteinii extract on A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Nova BiologicaReperta 6: 140-147.
Bakacak, M., Bostanci, M.S., Attar, R., Yildirim, O.K., Yildirim, G., Bakacak, Z., Sayar, H. & Han, A. 2015. The effects of electromagnetic fields on the number of ovarian primordial follicles: An experimental study. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 31: 287-292.
Campen, K.A., McNatty, K.P. & Pitman, J.L. 2017. A protective role of cumulus cells after short-term exposure of rat cumulus cell-oocyte complexes to lifestyle or environmental contaminants. Reproductive Toxicology 69: 19-33.
Elebetieha, A. & AL-Akhras, M. 2002. Long-term exposure of male and female mice to 50Hz mag- netic field: effects on fertility. Bioelectromagnetics 23: 168-172.
Farrokhyar, S., Baharara, J., Namvar, F., Behnam Rasoli, M & Ramezani, T. 2015. Evaluation effect of methanol extract of brittle stars Persion Gulf in vitro. Quarterly Journal of Biological Sciences 8: 61-68.
Frassinetti, S., Moccia, E., Caltavuturo, L., Gabriele, M., Longo, V., Bellani, L., Giorgi, G. & Giorgetti, L. 2018. Nutraceutical potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and sprouts. Food Chemistry 262: 56-66.
Esfadeh, H., Mirabolghasemi, G., Azarnia M. 2019. The joint effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of nettle root and metformin on ovarian tissue of diabetic model of Wistar rat. Nova Biologica Reperta 6: 131-139. (In Persian).
Hajiuon, B. 2013. Effects of cell phone radiation on estrogen and progesterone levels and ovarian changes in rats treated with garlic (Allium sativum L.) hydro-alcoholic extract. Journal of Herbal Drugs 4: 81-88.
Hemayatkhah Jahromi, V., Fatahi, E., Nazari, M., Jowhary, H. & Kargar, H. 2010. Study on the effects of mobile phones waves on the number of pvarian follicles and level of FSH, LH, estrogen and progestrone hormones in adult rats. Tissue and Cell 1: 27-34. (In Persian).
Kaboli Kafshgiri, S., Parivar, K., Baharara, J., Hayati Roodbari, N. & Kerachian, M.A. 2017. Comparison the effect of movento, a chemical pesticide, with chitosan a biologic pesticide, on female reproductive system in Balb/C mice. Nova Biologica Reperta 3: 279-287. (In Persian).
Karampoor, P., Azarnia, M., Mirabolghasemi, G. & Alizadeh, F. 2014. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed on serum levels of sexual hormones in female wistar rats with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 17: 70-78. (In Persian).
Karimi Jashni, H., Kargar Jahromi, H. & Khabbaz Kherameh, Z. 2016. Effects of aqueous extract from Asparagus officinalis L. roots on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormone levels and the number of ovarian follicles in adult rats. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine 14: 75-80.
Khaki, A.A., Khaki, A.y. and Ahmadi, S.Sh. 2016. The effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz in Rat ovary: A transmission electron microscopy study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine 14: 125-132. (In Persian).
Khaki, A., Khaki, A.A. & Zahedi, A. 2013. Effect of Ocimum basilicum on Ovary tissue Apoptosis after exposed with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in Rats. Life Science Journal 10: 1-5.
Khaki, A., Fathizad, F., Nouri, M. & Khaki, A.A. 2011. Effect of Ocimum basilicum on apoptosis in testis of rats after exposure to electromagnetic field.- African Journal of. Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5: 1534-1537. (In Persian).
Khaleghi, Kh., Rajaei, F., Javadi, A & Abedpour, N. 2014. The effect of PMSG and hCG on the ovarian follicles in NMRI strain mice. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 8: 1-10. (In Persian).
Lopez-Cardona, A.P., Sanchez-Calabuig, M.J., Beltran- Brena, P., Agirregoitia, N., Rizos, D., Agirregoitia, E & Gutierrez-Adan, A. 2016. Exocannabinoids effect on in vitro bovine oocyte maturation via activation of KT and ERK1/2. Reproduction 152: 603-612.
Louei Monfared, A. & Salati, A.P. 2013. Effects of Carthamus tinctorius L. on the ovarian histomorphology and the female reproductive hormones in mice. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 3: 171-177.
Mansouri, E., Keshtkar, A., Khaki, A., Keshtkar, E. & Khaki, A. 2019. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and simultaneous treatment with Allium cepa on biochemical parameters and ultrastructure of ovarian tissues of rats. Iranian Journal of Medical Physics 16: 158-165.
Mirzakhani, Z. & Hosseini, S.E. 2017. Effects of chamomile hydro- alcoholic extract (Matricaria chamomilla) on the aborted fetuses, serum sex hormones and ovarian follicles in adult female rats. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences 17: 22-31. (In Persian).
Najem, N.A. & Alghanimi, Y.Kh. 2017. Effect of GMS (Towers and Mobil radiation) on reproductive hormones in males. International Journal of ChemTech Research 10: 652-654.
Nayebi, Sh., Kakeshpour, T., Hasanvand, A., Nadri, M. & Rashidi Monfares, S. 2013. Composition of volatile compounds of extract of Ammi majus from Iran by GC-MS. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 24: 335-338.
Parandin, R. & Yousofvand, N. 2018. Effects of perinatal exposure to alcoholic extract of hops (Humulus lupulus) flowers on sexual puberty and some reproductive parameters in female mice. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences 25: 10-20. (In Persian).
Ren, X., Li, R., Liu, J., Huang, K., Wu, S., Li, Y. & Li, Ch. 2018. Effects of glyphosate on the ovarian function of pregnant mice, the secretion of hormones and the sex ratio of their fetuses. Environmental Pollution 243: 833-841.
Saygin, M., Ozmen, O., Erol, O, Ellidag, H.Y., Ilhan, I., Aslankoc, R. 2018. The impact of electromagnetic radiation (2.45 GHz, Wi-Fi) on the female reproductive system: The role of vitamin C. Toxicology & Industrial Health 34: 620-630.
Shoorei, H., Khaki, A. & Abbas Raza, S.H. 2018. Effects of Matricaria chamomilla extract on growth and maturation of isolated mouse ovarian follicles in a three-dimensional culture system. Chinese Medical Journal 131: 218-225.
Sitasiwi, A.J., Isdadiyanto, S. & Mardiati, S.M. 2017. The Estradiol 17-β Concentration in Mice after Treated with Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem). AIP Conference Proceedings 1844: 2-8.
Tehranipour, M., Kehtarpour, M., Javadmoosavi, B.Z. & Mahdavi-Shahri, N. 2012. Evaluation of Cannabis sativa leaves aquatic extract effect on triple regions of hippocampus neuronal density in male rats. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 14: 20-27. (In Persian).
Vafaei, Sh., Motejaded, F. & Ebrahimzadeh- bideskan, A. 2019. Protective effect of crocin on electromagnetic field-induced testicular damage and heat shock protein A2 expression in male BALB/c mice. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 23: 102-110.
Wdowiak, A., Mazurek, P.A. & Bojar, I. 2017. Effect of electromagnetic waves on human reproduction. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 24: 13-18.