fa تاثیر پساب صنعتی بر بعضی از خصوصیات ریخت شناسی و فیزیولوژیکی نخل‌مرداب (Cyperus alternifolius)، وتیور (Chrysopogon zizanioides) و آلوئه‌ورا (Aloe vera) علوم گیاهی Plant Biology مقاله پژوهشی Original Article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">افزایش</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> ورود پساب‌های صنعتی حاوی انواع </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فلزات سنگین </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در آب و خاک موجب گسترش روز_&shy;افزون </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مشکلات محیط زیستی می‌شود. بنابراین پیدا کردن راه‌کار‌هایی کم‌هزینه_&shy;تر برای کاهش این آلودگی‌ها ضروری است. در این راستا </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به منظور مقایسه پالایندگی عناصر سنگین و برخی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان نخل‌مرداب، وتیور و آلوئه‌ورا </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به‌مدت 14 ماه، در دانشگاه</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> گیلان </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> که </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحت تیمار‌ پساب صنعتی</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> شاخص انباشت فلزات </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">MAI</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روی، کروم، سرب، مس، منگنز، نیکل، منیزیم</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در وتیور و آلوئه ورا به‌ترتیب بیشتر از نخل مرداب بود. در هر سه گیاه مورد مطالعه شاخص های طول ریشه، طول اندام هوایی، زیست توده کل و شاخص تحمل (</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">TI</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) نسبت به گیاه شاهد کاهش معنی داری داشتند و گیاه وتیور و آلوئه‌ورا کم‌ترین درصد کاهش را داشتند. علاوه بر این، مولفه‌های دیگر بررسی شده شامل شاخص جذب (</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">UI</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)،</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> قند محلول کل، </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">محتوی </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، آنتوسیانین کل، تانن کل و <a name="_Hlk113569160">درصد بازدارندگی رادیکال آزاد</a></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">DPPH</span></span></span></span> &nbsp;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحت تیمار پساب صنعتی در هر سه گیاه افزایش یافتند. بالاترین درصد افزایش در تمام مولفه های بررسی شده به‌غیر از </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درصد بازدارندگی رادیکال آزاد</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">DPPH</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، در گیاه وتیور مشاهده شد. به‌طور‌کلی می توان گفت که از نظر </span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">MAI</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی بررسی شده، گیاهان وتیور و آلوئه ورا موفق تر از گیاه نخل‌مرداب بودند. بنابراین توصیه می شود گیاهان مورد مطالعه به ترتیب اولویت (وتیور</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">˂</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> آلوئه ورا</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">˂</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> نخل‌مرداب) در خاک های آلوده به پساب های صنعتی، جهت پالایش خاک کاشته شوند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br /> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The increase of the entry of industrial effluents containing various types of heavy metals into water and soil leads to the ever-increasing spread of environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to find less expensive solutions to reduce the pollution. In this regard, in order to compare the effect of the removal of heavy elements on some of the morphological and physiological characteristics of </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C. alternifolius</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ch. zizanioide</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s </span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and <i>Aloe vera</i> plants, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications for 14 months at the University of Guilan. The results showed that under the treatment of industrial wastewater, the metal accumulation indices (MAI) of zinc, chromium, lead, copper, manganese, nickel, magnesium were higher in </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ch. zizanioide</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s </span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and <i>Aloe vera</i> than those in </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C. alternifolius</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. In all three studied plants, the indices of root length, shoot length, total biomass and tolerance index (TI) had a significant decrease compared with those in the control plants, and </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ch. zizanioide</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s and <i>A. vera</i> plants had the lowest <span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">percentage of decrease. In addition, other investigated components including absorption index (UI), total soluble sugar,&nbsp;</span>total phenol content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, total tannin, and DPPH free radical inhibition percentage increased in all three plants under industrial wastewater treatment. The highest percentage of increase in all investigated components, except DPPH free radical inhibition percentage, was observed in </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ch. zizanioide</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s</span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. In general, it can be said that in terms of MAI and morphological and physiological characteristics, </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ch. zizanioide</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s </span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and <i>A. vera</i> were more successful than the </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C. alternifolius</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the studied plants in the order of priority (</span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ch. zizanioide</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s </span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">˃ <i>A. vera</i> ˃ </span></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C. alternifolius</span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">) in soils contaminated with industrial effluents, in order to remediate the soil.</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></b></span></span></span><br /> <br /> &nbsp; بازدارندگی رادیکال آزادDPPH , شاخص انباشت فلزات, فلزات سنگین, فنل, گیاه‌پالایی DPPH free radical inhibition, metal accumulation index, heavy metals, phenol, phytoremediation 47 61 http://nbr.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1497-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Sarehi Ebrahimi ساره ابراهیمی sarehebrahim@gmail.commail.com 100319475328460010144 100319475328460010144 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه محقق‌اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران Seyed Mehdi Razavi سید مهدی رضوی razavi694@gmail.com 100319475328460010145 100319475328460010145 Yes Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه محقق‌اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران Mansour Afshar Mohammmadian منصور افشار محمدیان mansourafshar@gmail.com 100319475328460010146 100319475328460010146 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht. Iran گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران