یافته های نوین در علوم زیستی

بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی اسانس ریشه گیاه جعفری وحشی (Anthriscus nemorosa) و تاثیر اللوپاتی آن بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی گیاه کاهو

نویسندگان

سید مهدی رضوی 1
ندا دلیر 1
ساره ابراهیمی 2
منصور افشارمحمدیان 3

1 گروه زیست شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه محقق اردبیل

2 گروه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علمی- کاربردی صنایع چوب و کاغذ ایران، چوکا، ایران

3 گروه زیست شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه گیلان

https://doi.org/10.22034/nbr.11.2.45
چکیده
استفاده از خاصیت اللوپاتی برخی گونه های گیاهی، یکی از روش های پیشنهادی جهت کاهش مصرف سموم شیمیایی است. گیاه جعفری وحشی با نام علمی Anthriscus nemorosa گیاهی آروماتیک و متعلق به خانواده چتریان است و در قسمت های غربی و شمالی کشور ایران به صورت وحشی می روید. با توجه به اینکه تاکنون خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و اللوپاتی این گیاه در ایران بررسی نشده است، در این تحقیق ریشه های این گیاه از شهرستان خلخال جمع آوری شد و پس از خشک شدن در سایه به روش تقطیر با آب (Hydro-distillation) مورد اسانس گیری قرار گرفت. اسانس به دست آمده به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنجی جرمی (GC/MS) تجزیه شد. در اسانس این گیاه 52 ترکیب شناسایی شد که 80/21 درصد از کل اسانس را شامل شد. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس این گونه شامل Myristicin (16/92 درصد)، Heptane (12/98 درصد)، Elemicin (12/54 درصد)، Gamma-Terpinene (12/50 درصد)، Beta-Eudesmo (12/50 درصد) بودند و این ترکیبات با ترکیبات اصلی اسانس ریشه A. nemorosa بومی صربستان تفاوت قابل ملاحظه ای داشتند. برای بررسی اثرات اللوپاتیک این گیاه آزمایشی به صورت طرح تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج بررسی اثرات عصاره های ان هگزانی، دی کلرومتانی و متانولی (با غلظت های 0، 0/001، 0/01، 0/1 و 1 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر) ریشه این گیاه بر روی گیاه کاهو (Lactuca sativa L.var.capitata) نشان داد که هر سه عصاره اثر بازدارندگی بر روی مولفه های درصد جوانه زنی، رشد ساقه چه و رشد ریشه چه کاهو داشتند ولی عصاره ان هگزانی در تمامی غلظت های مورد تیمار، اثر بازدارندگی بیش تری بر جوانه زنی و رشد ساقه چه بذرکاهو داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس
اثرات آللوپاتیک
جعفری وحشی
درصد جوانه زنی
طیف سنج جرمی
کاهو

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the chemical composition of Anthriscus nemorosa root essential oil and its allelopathic effect on some morphological characteristics of lettuce

نویسندگان English

Seyed Mehdi Razavi 1
Neda Delir 1
Sareh Abrahimi 2
Mansour Afshar Mohammadian 3
1 Department of Biology- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
2 2Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Applied Scientific University of Wood and Paper of Iran, Iran
3 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht. Iran
چکیده English

Using the allelopathic property of some plant species is one of the proposed methods to reduce the use of chemical poisons. Anthriscus nemorosa is an aromatic plant belonging to the Apiaceae that grows naturally in the western and northern parts of in this study. Considering that so far the biochemical and allelopathic properties of this plant have not been investigated in Iran, in this study, the roots of this plant were collected from Khalkhal county and after drying in the shade, the essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. 52 compounds were identified from the essential oil, representing 80.21% of the total oil. The main constituents were Myristicin (16.92%), Heptane (12.98%), Elemicin (12.54%), Gamma-Terpinene (12.50%), Decane (3.08%), Beta-Eudesmol (2.95%) and Beta-phellandrene (2.52%) and these compounds were remarkably different with that of A. nemorosa native to Serbia. To investigate the allelopathic effects of this plant, an experimental design was factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. The results of examining the effects of n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts (with concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/ml) of the root of this plant on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var.capitata) showed that all three extracts had an inhibitory effect on the germination percentage (%), shootlet growth and rootlet growth of lettuce. However, the hexane extract in all treated concentrations had a more inhibitory effect on the germination and shootlet growth of lettuce seed.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Allopathic effects
Anthriscus nemorosa
essential oil
germination percentage
GC/MS
lettuce
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405

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