اثرات تغییر اقلیم و عوامل هواشناختی بر شاخص‌های فصل گرده‌ای آرایه‌های گیاهی آلرژی‌زا

نویسندگان

1 مرکز زیست فضا و محیط زیست، پژوهشگاه هوافضا، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات واکسن و سرم سازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 گروه گیاه شناسی، اکولوژی و فیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه کوردوبا، کوردوبا، اسپانیا؛ مرکز آلرژی و محیط زیست (ZAUM)، عضو مرکز تحقیقات ریه آلمان (DZL)، دانشگاه فنی مونیخ / مرکز هلمهولتز، مونیخ، آلمان

4 مرکز آلرژی-چاریته، دانشگاه پزشکی چاریته، برلین، آلمان

چکیده
آلرژی های تنفسی در دو دهه گذشته تا حدی در نتیجه تغییر اقلیم در حال افزایش هستند. برای بسیاری از گونه های درختی، گراس و علف هرز افزایش تولید گرده و طول مدت گرده افشانی، منجر به افزایش طولانی مدت آلرژن های گرده ای در جو؛ جابجایی های زودهنگام دانه های گرده هوابرد و تماس طولانی مدت با آلرژن های تنفسی با اثرات مهم سلامتی بر روی افراد آلرژیک می گردد. هدف از این مقاله بررسی اثر تغییر اقلیم و عوامل هواشناختی بر روی شاخص های فصل گرده ای با یک تمرکز ویژه بر روی تاکسون های اصلی آلرژی زا در سرتاسر جهان است. متغیرهای اصلی تاثیرگذار بر فنولوژی گلدهی مانند موقعیت مکانی، عوامل اقلیمی و هواشناختی، شناسایی، مورد بحث و اثبات قرار گرفتند. دما، تشعشع خورشیدی، رطوبت، سرعت و جهت باد، از جمله مهمترین عوامل هواشناسی اثرگذار بر نوسانات غلظت سالانه گرده های هوابرد آلرژی زا هستند. اگرچه تغییرات قابل توجهی مطابق با گونه های آلرژی زا و ناحیه چغرافیایی مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد، اما به نظر می رسد دما مهمترین عامل اقلیمی اثرگذار بر فنولوژی گلدهی و شاخص های فصل گرده ای به ویژه در گونه های درختی باشد. افزایش سطوح دی اکسیدکربن همچنین منجر به افزایش زیست توده گیاهی، افزایش شدت گلدهی و تولید گرده در چندین گونه آلرژی زای درختی ، گراس و علف هرز می گردد. در پرتو این بررسی شواهد فزاینده ای وجود دارد که از تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر فنولوژی گلدهی و شاخص های فصل گرده ای تعداد قابل توجهی از گونه های گیاهی مهاجم و زینتی آلرژی زا حمایت می کند.




کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The impacts of climate change and meteorological factors on pollen season indicators of allergenic plant taxa

نویسندگان English

Fateme Mousavi 1
Youcef Shahali 2
José Oteros 3
Karl-Christian Bergmann 4
1 Space Biology and Environment Center, Aerospace Research Institute (ARI), Ministry of Science Research and Technology (MSRT), Tehran, Iran
2 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Karaj, Iran
3 Departments of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain; Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), TechnischeUniversität München/ Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
4 Allergy-Centre-Charité, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
چکیده English

Pollen respiratory allergies have been increasing in prevalence over the last two decades, partly as the result of the impact of climate change. For many allergenic trees, grass and weed species, increased pollen production and prolonged pollination period result in long-term increased abundance of pollen allergens in the atmosphere; earlier shifts of airborne pollen grains and prolonged exposure to respiratory allergens with important health effects on allergic individuals. The aim of this review paper was to investigate the impact of climate change and meteorological factors on pollen season indicators with a special focus on the main allergenic taxa worldwide. Main variables influencing flowering phenology such as location, climatic and meteorological parameters were identified, discussed and substantiated by published literature. Temperature, solar radiation, humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction were identified among the most important meteorological parameters affecting the fluctuations of annual concentrations of allergenic airborne pollen grains. Although notable variations were observed according to allergenic species and studied geographical areas, temperature appeared to be the most important climatic parameter affecting flowering phenology and pollen season indicators, especially in tree species. Rising carbon dioxide levels also result in increased plant biomass, increased flowering intensity and pollen production in several tree, grass and weed allergenic species. In the light of this review, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the effect of climate change on the flowering phenology and pollen season indicators of a substantial number of allergenic ornamental and invasive plant species.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

aerobiology
allergy
airborne
Climate Change
meteorological factors
flowering phenology
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405