اثر ریخت ­شناسی و بیوشیمیایی کمبود فسفات روی ارقام مختلف لوبیای چیتی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده علوم پایه، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده
فسفر یکی از عناصر ضروری برای رشد و تولید محصول در گیاهان است. از آنجایی که خاک­ های کشاورزی ایران غالبا آهکی و محتوی فسفات قابل دسترس در این خاک­ ها بسیار پایین است، کمبود فسفات به عنوان یک محدودکننده عمده غذایی شناخته شده است و به­ کارگیری کودهای فسفاته برای تولید محصول مناسب ضروری است. به­ علاوه، به ­کارگیری کود فسفاته باعث آلودگی منابع آبی و خاک می ­شود، بنابراین، باید استراتژی­ هایی به کار برد که استفاده از کودهای فسفاته کاهش داده شود. شناسایی ژنوتیپ ­های متحمل­تر به کمبود فسفات در خاک، یک استراتژی ارزان قیمت برای ترویج کشاورزی پایدار در خاک­ های کم حاصلخیز است. در این مطالعه، پاسخ­ های ریخت ­شناسی و بیوشیمیایی پنج رقم زراعی لوبیا چیتی (تلاش، محلی خمین، صدری، کوشا و لاین Ks21191) به دو سطح واجد فسفات کافی و کمبود فسفات تحت بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که وزن ­تر و خشک و طول اندام­ های هوایی در ارقام لوبیای تحت شرایط کمبود فسفات به میزان قابل ملاحظه ­ای از میزان آنها در شاهد پایین ­تر بود. در حالی که طول ریشه در ارقام تحت کمبود فسفات از شاهد بیش‌تر بود. در شرایط کمبود فسفات، کم‌ترین و بیش‌ترین میزان فسفر کل به ترتیب در رقم ­محلی خمین و تلاش مشاهده شد. تحت شرایط کمبود فسفات، فعالیت­ آنزیم های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز در ریشه و کاتالاز در برگ به میزان قابل ملاحظه­ ای افزایش نشان داد. در مجموع، رقم ­های محلی خمین و تلاش به ­ترتیب بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین تحمل به شرایط کمبود فسفات را نشان دادند.





کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The morphological and biochemical effect of phosphate deficiency on different cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

نویسندگان English

Ebrahim shirinpour 1
Maryam nasra esfahani 1
davood bakhshi 2
1 Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Biology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده English

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and productivity. Since agricultural soils in Iran are predominantly calcareous with very low available Pi content, Pi deficiency has been considered to be a major nutritional constraint for crop production, thus, the application of Pi-fertilizers is essential for satisfactory crop production. The application of Pi-fertilizers contaminates soil and water resources. Therefore, the application of Pi-fertilizers should be reduced through some efficient strategies. The identification of genotypes more tolerant to Pi deficiency is an important low-cost strategy to promote sustainable agriculture in low fertility soils. In this study, the morphological and biochemical responses of five cultivars of common bean (Talash, Mahali Khomein, Sadri, Kosha and Line Ks21191) were evaluated under Pi sufficiency and Pi deficiency. Under Pi-deficient conditions, fresh and dry weights and shoot length were lower while root length was higher in comparison with Pi-sufficient conditions. Under Pi-deficient conditions, the highest and lowest levels of total P were observed in Mahali Khomein and Talash, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in root and catalase in leave showed remarkable increase under Pi-deficient conditions. In conclusion, Mahali Khomein and Talash were the most and the least Pi-deficient tolerant cultivars, respectively.


کلیدواژه‌ها English

antioxidant enzymes
common bean
dry weight
fresh weight
phosphorus
Aebi, H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic Press, New York, 105:121-126.
Alexova, R. & Millar, A.H. 2013. Proteomics of phosphate use and deprivation in plants. Proteomics 13: 609-623.
Alikhani, H.A., Saleh-Rastin, N. & Antoun, H. 2006. Phosphate solubilization activity of rhizobia native to Iranian soils. Plant & Soil 287: 35-41.
Avila, F. W., Faquin, V., Lobato, A. K. da Silva., Avila, P.A., Marques, D.J., Guedes, E.M.S. & Tan, D.K.Y. 2013. Effect of phosphite supply in nutrient solution on yield, phosphorus nutrition and enzymatic behavior in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 7: 713-722.
Aziz, T., Sabir, M., Farooq, M., Maqsood, M.A., Ahmad, H.R. & Warraich, E.A. 2014. Phosphorus deficiency in plants: responses, adaptive mechanisms, and signaling. In Hakeem, K.R. et al. (eds.). Plant signaling: Understanding the molecular crosstalk. 7: 133-148. Springer, India,
Babu, N., Jyothi, M.N., Shivaram, U., Narayanaswamy, S., Rai, D.V. & Devaraj, V.R. 2014. Identification of miRNAs from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under low nitrate stress. Turkish J. Biochem. 39: 1-8.
Bargaz, A., Faghire, M., Farissi, M., Drevon, J.J. & Ghoulam, C.2013. Oxidative stress in the root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris is induced under conditions of phosphorus deficiency. Acta Physiol. Plant. 35: 1633-1644.
Chance, B., Maehly, A.C. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Meth. Enzymol. 2: 764-775.
Chekanai, V., Chikowo, R. & Vanlauwe, B. 2018. Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to nitrogen, phosphorus and rhizobia inoculation across variable soils in Zimbabwe. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 266: 167-173.
Cheng, L., Bucciarelli, B., Shen, J., Allan, D. & Vance, C.P. 2011. Update on white lupin cluster root acclimation to phosphorus deficiency. Plant Physiol. 156: 1025-1032.
Chiou, T.-J. & Lin, S.-I. 2011. Signaling network in sensing phosphate availability in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 62:185-206.
del Socorro, Sanchez-Correa M. & Valdes-Lopez, O. 2017. Physiological mechanisms and adaptation strategies in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under P deficiency. – In Sulieman, S. & Tran, L.-S.P. (eds.). Legume nitrogen fixation in soils with lowphosphorus availability. 11: 207-217. Springer International Publishing.
Dhankhar, R., Sheoran, S., Dhaka, A. & Soni, R. 2013. The role of phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB) in soil management an overview. IJDR 3: 31-36.
Emami, A. 1996. Methods of plant analysis. Iranian J. Soil Water Res. 1: 11-46.
FAOSTAT. 2012. Statistics. Rome: FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor.
Fita, A., Bowen, H.C., Hayden, R.M., Nuez, F., Pico, B. & Hammond, J.P. 2012. Diversity in expression of phosphorus (P) responsive genes in Cucumis melo L. PLOS ONE 7: 1-12.
Gao, X.-H., Bedhomme, M., Michelet, L., Zaffagnini, M. & Lemaire, S.D. 2009. Glutathionylation in photosynthetic organisms. Advances Bot. Res. 52: 363-403.
Gaxiola, R.A., Edwards, M. & Elser, J.J. 2011. A transgenic approach to enhance phosphorus use efficiency in crops as part of a comprehensive strategy for sustainable agriculture. Chemosphere 84: 840-845.
Giannopolitis, C.N. & Ries, S.K. 1997. Superoxide dismutases I. occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 59: 309-314.
Ha, S. & Tran, L.-S. 2013. Understanding plant responses to phosphorus starvation for improvement of plant tolerance to phosphorus deficiency by biotechnological approaches. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 1-15.
Hammond, J.P., Broadley, M.R. & White, P.J. 2004. Genetic responses to phosphorus deficiency. Annu. Bot. 94: 323-332.
Hema, M., Sreenivasulu, P., Patil, B.L., Kumar, P.L. & Reddy, D.V.R. 2014. Tropical food legumes: Virus diseases of economic importance and their control. In Loebenstein, G. & Katis, N. (eds.). Control of plant virus diseases: seed-propagated crops. 90: 431-433. Advances Virus Res. Elsevier, Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
Juszczuk, I., Malusa, E. & Rychter, A. M. 2001. Oxidative stress during phosphate deficiency in roots of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Plant Physiol. 158: 1299-1305.
Kchaou, H., Larbi, A., Gargouri, K., Chaieb, M., Morales, F. & Msallem, M. 2010. Assessment of tolerance to NaCl salinity of five olive cultivars, based on growth characteristics and Na+ and Cl- exclusion mechanisms. Sci. Hort. 124: 306-315.
Liang, C., Sun, L., Yao, Z., Liao, H. & Tian, J. 2012. Comparative analysis of PvPAP gene family and their functions in response to phosphorus deficiency in common bean. PLOS ONE 7: e38106.
Lopez-Arredondo, D.L., Leyva-Gonzalez, M. A., Gonzalez-Morales, S. I., Lopez-Bucio, J. & Herrera-Estrella, L. 2014. Phosphate nutrition: Improving low-phosphate tolerance in crops. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 65: 95-123.
Maejima, E., Watanabe, T., Osaki, M. & Wagatsuma, T. 2014. Phosphorus deficiency enhances aluminum tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa) by changing the physicochemical characteristics of root plasma membranes and cell walls. J. Plant Physiol. 171: 9-15.
Malhotra, H., Vandana, Sharma, S. & Pandey, R. 2018. Phosphorus nutrition: Plant growth in response to deficiency and excess. In Hasanuzzaman, M. et al. (eds.). Plant nutrients and abiotic stress tolerance. 7: 171-190. Springer Nature, Singapore.
Nasr Esfahani, M., Kusano, M., Nguyen, K. H., Watanabe, Y., Ha, C. V., Saito, K., Sulieman, S., Herrera-Estrell, L. & Tran, L.-S, P. 2016. Adaptation of the symbiotic Mesorhizobium–chickpea relationship to phosphate deficiency relies on reprogramming of whole-plant metabolism. PNAS Early Edition. 1-10.
Niu, Y. F., Chai, R. S., Jin, G. L., Wang, H., Tang, C. X. & Zhang, Y. S. 2013. Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review. Anal. Bot. 112: 391-408.
Peixoto, P.H.P., Cambraia, J., Sant’Anna, R., Mosquim, P.R. & Moreira, M.A. 1999. Aluminum effects on lipid peroxidation and on the activities of enzymes of oxidative metabolismin sorghum. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 1: 137-143.
Peret, B., Clement, M., Nussaume, L. & Desnos, T. 2011. Root developmental adaptation to phosphate starvation: better safe than sorry. Trends Plant Sci.16: 442-450.
Plaxton, W.C. & Tran, H.T. 2011. Metabolic adaptations of phosphate-starved plants. Plant Physiol. 156: 1006-1015.
Radic, S., Babic, M., Skobic, D., Roje, V. & Pevalek-Kozlina, B. 2010. Ecotoxicological effects of aluminum and zinc on growth and antioxidants in Lemna minor L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73: 336-342.
Rojas-Triana, M., Bustos, R., Espinosa-Ruiz, A., Prat, S., Paz-Ares, J. & Rubio, V. 2013. Roles of ubiquitination in the control of phosphate starvation responses in plants. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 55: 40-53.
Ruttenberg, K.C. 2014. The global phosphorus cycle. Treatise Geochem. 2nd Edition. Elsevier, Oxford, 10: 499pp.
Sathe, S.K. 2016. Beans: Overview. Encyclopedia of Food Grains, 2nd Edition. 1: 297-306. Elsevier, Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
Sepehr, E., Malakouti, M.J., Kholdebarin, B., Samadi, A. & Karimian, N. 2009. Genotypic variation in P efficiency of selected Iranian cereals in greenhouse experiment. Intern. J. Plant Prod. 3: 17-28.
Silva, S. 2012. Aluminium toxicity targets in plants. – J. Bot. 2012: 1-9.
Tian-rong, G., Peng-cheng, Y., Zi-dong, Z., Jiang-jia, W. & Mei, W. 2012. Involvement of antioxidative defense system in rice seedlings exposed to aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency. Rice Sci. 19: 207-212.
Tran, H.T., Hurley, B.A. & Plaxton, W. C. 2010. Feeding hungry plants: The role of purple acid phosphatases in phosphate nutrition. J. Plant Sci. 179: 14-27.
Ward, C.L., Kleinert, A., Scortecci, K.C., Benedito, V.A. & Valentine, A.J. 2011. Phosphorus-deficiency reduces aluminium toxicity by altering uptake and metabolism of root zone carbon dioxide. J. Plant Physiol. 168: 459-465.
Wittenmayer, L. & Merbach, W. 2005. Plant responses to drought and phosphorus deficiency: contribution of phytohormones in root-related processes. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 168: 531-540.
Yang, X. J. & Finnegan, P. M. 2010. Regulation of phosphate starvation responses in higher plants. Anal. Bot. 105: 513-526.
Yousuf, P.Y., Hakeem, K.U.R., Chandna, R. & Ahmad, P. 2012. Role of glutathione reductase in plant abiotic stress. In Ahmad, P. & Prasad, M.N.V. (eds.). Abiotic stress responses in plants. 8: 149-158. Springer, New York, NY.
دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24
تابستان 1399
صفحه 206-218

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405