اثر آتش‌سوزی بر شاخص ­های تنوع گونه­ های گیاهی، مطالعه موردی: ایستگاه تحقیقاتی سیراچال

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
آتش­ سوزی بر پوشش گیاهی اثر گذاشته و موجب تغییر مسیر توالی در آن می­ گردد. در این مقاله، پوشش گیاهی ایستگاه تحقیقات سیراچال که در تابستان 1393 دچار آتش­ سوزی شد، بر اساس شاخص­ های تنوع با مناطق سالم مانده از آتش مورد مطالعه و مقایسه قرار گرفت. طرح به­ صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی اجرا شده است. ابتدا پوشش گیاهی منطقه از نظر فیزیونومی به سه بخش مشجر، مرتع مشجر و مرتع تقسیم ‌گردید. سپس هر بخش به دو قسمت شامل بخش سوخته و بخش نسوخته (شاهد) که در مجاورت آن قرار دارد تفکیک ‌گردید. درون هر بخش (سوخته و نسوخته) سه واحد نمونه­ برداری با استفاده از روش PNP به­ طور تصادفی مستقر شده و اندازه‌گیری‌های مربوط به پوشش گیاهی انجام گردید. بر اساس تحلیل داده ­ها، در مجموع 141 آرایه در قالب 28 تیره، 95 سرده شامل یک گونه بازدانه، 19 آرایه تک­ لپه ­ای و 121 آرایه دولپه­ای در دو بخش سوخته و نسوخته ایستگاه سیراچال شناسایی گردید. براساس تحلیل­ های آماری انجام شده با نرم­ افزارهای Past3 و SPSS، هیچ اختلاف معنی­ داری از نظر تعداد آرایه­ ها بین پوشش گیاهی بخش­ های مختلف سوخته و نسوخته وجود نداشت. از میان شاخص­ های بررسی شده در نرم افزار Past3، تعداد افراد و شاخص غنای منهینیک و تا حد زیادی شاخص تنوع شانون در بین تیمارهای مختلف در بخش­ های سوخته و نسوخته تفاوت معنی­ دار وجود دارد. طبق مقایسات میانگین دانکن تعداد افراد در بخش نسوخته با تاج پوشش زیر 25 درصد، بیش­تر از بخش سوخته با این تاج پوشش است اما بین بخش سوخته با تاج بیش از 25 درصد و بخش نسوخته با تاج بیش از 25 درصد اختلاف معنی­ داری در تعداد افراد وجود ندارد. همچنین غنای ­گونه ­ای در بخش سوخته با تاج پوشش کم­تر از 5 درصد به­ طور معنی­ داری بیش­تر از بخش نسوخته با همین تاج پوشش است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The effect of fire on vegetation diversity indices, a case study: Sirachal research station

نویسندگان English

Behnam Hamzeh’ee
Mostafa Koshnevis
Parvaneh Ashouri
Vailolah Mozaffarian
Hooman Ravanbakhsh
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Fire affects vegetation and changes plant succession. In this paper, the vegetation of Sirachal Research Station, which burned in the summer of 2014, was studied and compared with the unburnt areas, based on biodiversity indices. The research was implemented as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. First, on the basis of physiognomy, the area was divided into three parts: shrubland, shrubland-rangeland, and rangeland. Each part was, then, divided into two sections, including a burnt area and an adjacent unburnt area (control area). In each area (burnt and unburnt), three sampling units were randomly assigned using PNP method, and vegetation measurements were subsequently performed. Based on data analysis, a total of 141 taxa were identified, belonging to 28 families and 95 genera, including one species of Gymnosperm, 19 monocotyledons and 121 dicotyledons in two burnt and unburnt areas of Sirachal Station. Based on the statistical analysis, using Past3 and SPSS softwares, there was no significant difference in the number of taxa between the vegetation of the burnt and unburnt areas. Of the indicators analyzed in Past3, the number of individual, the index of Menhinick's richness and the Shannon diversity index were significantly different in the treatments sampled from the burnt and unburnt areas. According to the Duncan test average, the number of individuals in the unburnt area, with a canopy cover below 25%, was greater than that in the burnt area, with the same canopy cover, however, no significant difference was observed between the individuals in the burnt area and unburnt area, with the same canopy cover of more than 25%. Also, the richness of the burnt area with a canopy of less than 5% is significantly higher than that in the unburnt area with the same canopy cover.




کلیدواژه‌ها English

Central Alborz
Iran
Juniperus excelsa
secondary succession
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405