یافته های نوین در علوم زیستی

معرفی اکتینوباکترهای مولد اگزوپلیمرهای دارای خاصیت ضدمیکربی از خاک‌های ایران

نویسندگان

سوگل توانائیان 1
جواد حامدی 2
ستاره حقیقت 3

1 گروه آموزشی میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری‌های نوین، واحد علوم دارویی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 بخش زیست فناوری میکروبی، دانشکده زیست‌شناسی و قطب تبارزایی موجودات زنده، پردیس علوم، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 گروه آموزشی میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری های نوین، واحد علوم دارویی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.29252/nbr.7.1.55
چکیده
اگزوپلیمرها پلیمرهای با وزن مولکولی بالا هستند که توسط برخی میکروارگانیسم‌ها به محیط پیرامونی باکتری ترشح می‌شوند و کاربردهای متنوعی در صنایع غذایی، دارویی، بسته­ بندی، کشاورزی و پزشکی دارند. اکتینوباکتر‌­ها، میکروارگانیسم‌های ارزشمندی در زیست ­فناوری هستند و بسیاری از داروهای تجاری همانند آنتی­ بیوتیک ­ها، آنتی ­اکسیدانت­ ها و ترکیبات سرکوبگر ایمنی توسط این باکتری­ ها تولید شده ­اند. اخیرا توانمندی دیگری از این باکتری ها از جمله تولید اگزوپلیمر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با توجه به توانمندی­ های بالای اکتینوباکترها در تولید ترکیبات مختلف و افزایش شیوع بیماری­ های عفونی ناشی از عوامل بیماری­ زای مقاوم به آنتی­ بیوتیک، هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی توانمندی اکتینوباکتر­های بومی ایران در تولید اگزوپلیمر با خاصیت ضدمیکربی بوده‌ است. به این منظور نمونـه‌هـای جمع ­آوری شده پس از تیمار و رقیق ­سازی در محیط ISP2 کشـت داده شـدند. شناسایی اولیه جدایـه‌هـای خالص شده با روش­ های مورفولوژیک انجام شد. سپس توانایی آن­ها در تولید اگزوپلیمر با کشت در محیط BHI دارای 5 درصد سوکروز بررسی شد. اگزوپلی ­ساکارید سویه برتر با استفاده از طیف سنجی فرابنفش-مرئی و FT-IR تحت آزمون قرار گرفت. در نهایت جدایه‌ برتر با روش مولکولی شناسایی شد. از 120 جدایه به دست آمده، 38 جدایه توانایی تولید اگزوپلیمر را داشتند و 6 جدایه برتر توانایی تولید اگزوپلیمر در طیف وزنی g/L10 تا 14 داشته و خواص ضدمیکربی علیه Staphylococcus aureus،Bacillus subtilis و Aspergillus niger نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج طیف سنجی فرابنفش-مرئی چون اگزوپلی­ ساکارید سویه برتر So41 دارای جذب قابل توجهی در طول موج nm230-190 و فاقد جذب در طول موج­های 280-260 بود، این اگزوپلی ­ساکارید فاقد ناخالصی پروتئینی است و براساس نتایج FT-IR دارای گروه­ های عملکردی هیدروکسیل و کربوکسیل است. بر اساس تحلیل ژن ­16S rRNA، جدایه برتر 68/99 درصد مشابهت به سویه Promicromonospora xylanilytica دارد.




کلیدواژه‌ها

اکتینوباکترهای کمیاب
پرومیکرومونوسپورا
پلی­ ساکارید
فعالیت ضدباکتری
فعالیت ضدقارچ

عنوان مقاله English

Introducing antimicrobial exopolymer-producing actinobacteria from soils of Iran

نویسندگان English

Sogol Tavanaeian 1
Javad Hamedi 2
Setareh Haghighat 3
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Exopolymers (EPS) are high-molecular-weight polymers secreted by some micro-organisms and have several applications in food, pharmaceutical, packaging and agricultural industries, as well as medicine. Actinobacteria are valuable bacteria in biotechnology and many commercial drugs such as antibiotics, antioxidants and immune-suppressant agents are derived from Actinobacteria. Recently, their other capabilities such as exopolymer production have been taken into consideration. Due to the high potential of actinobacteria in producing various compounds and increased prevalence of infections by antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of isolated Actinobacteria from various locations of Iran to produce EPS with antimicrobial activity. Appropriate dilutions of the samples were, therefore, cultured in ISP2 medium after treatment. The isolates were primarily identified by morphological tests. Then, their ability to produce EPS was investigated in BHI medium with 5% sucrose. The exopolymers of the most efficient strain were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy and FT-IR. Finally, the most efficient isolate was molecularly identified. Of the 120 isolates, 38 were able to produce EPS, and six had significant capability of producing EPS (10-14 g/L) and showed antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. The EPS of the strain So49 had high absorbance in 190-230 nm, but did not have absorbance in 260-280 nm. Therefore, it does not have any protein impurity. The EPS has hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, according to FT-IR analysis. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the most efficient isolate had 99.68% similarity to Promicromonospora xylanilytica.




کلیدواژه‌ها English

antibacterial activity
antifungal activity
polysaccharide
Promicromonospora
rare actinobacteria
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405

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