یافته های نوین در علوم زیستی

رویان شناسی درخت عرعر، یک گونه مهاجم از ایران

نویسندگان

فاطمه موسوی 1
احمد مجد 2

1 پژوهشگاه هوافضا

2 دانشگاه خوارزمی

https://doi.org/10.29252/nbr.6.2.184
چکیده
رویان­شناسی درخت عرعر، یک گونه مهاجم از ایران



تیره تک نیا Simaroubaceae متعلق به راسته Sapindales شامل 22 سرده و 109 گونه است. گونه Ailanthus altissima یا درخت پردیس، گونه ای بسیار مهاجم است که از لحاظ سیستماتیکی متعلق به تیره عرعریان است. برخی از صفات تولیدمثلی برای بقا و گسترش گونه های مهاجم در محیط های جدید ضروری هستند و بررسی سیستم تولید مثلی این گونه ها در نوع خود جالب توجه است. تا به امروز، هیج نوع بررسی رویان شناختی روی این گونه انجام نشده است و دانش ما در رابطه با رویان شناسی این گونه بسیار محدود است. یک مطالعه در رابطه با رویان شناسی گونه A. altissima و مقایسه تکوین بساک در گل های نر و ماده انجام شد تا دیدگاهی را در زمینه تعیین خصوصیات رویان شناختی در این گونه ارائه دهد. نتایج آزمایش های بافت­ شناسی نشان داد گل های نر دارای مادگی ناقص و بساک های چهارخانه ای هستند. پس از میوز سیتوکینز از نوع همزمان است که تتراد های چهاروجهی را ایجاد می نماید. نمو دیواره بساک از نوع دولپه ای و تاپی از نوع ترشحی است. گل های ماده دارای استامینود (پرچم های عقیم) هستند که سلول های مادر میکروسپور خیلی زود قبل از ورود به مرحله میوز تجزیه می شوند. تخمک ها واژگون، دوپوسته ای و پرخورش هستند. نمو کیسه رویانی از نوع علف هفت ­بند و نمو رویان از نوع گل مغربی است. نمو اندوسپرم هسته ای آزاد است. هیپوستاز مشخص و کلاهک خورشی تشکیل می شوند. این مشاهدات درک ما را از رویان شناسی و تشریح رویان گونه A. altissima به عنوان یک گونه مهاجم افزایش خواهد داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تخمک
درخت پردیس
بساک
رویان
هیپوستاز

عنوان مقاله English

The embryology of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae): an invasive species from Iran

نویسندگان English

Fateme Mousavi 1
Ahmad Majd 2
1 Aerospace Research Institute
2 Kharazmi University
چکیده English

Simaroubaceae is a monophyletic family in the order Sapindales with 22 genera and 109 species. Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle, also known as the tree of heaven, is a highly invasive species, which systematically belongs to Simaroubaceae. Reproductive characteristics are essential for the deployment and maintenance of invasive species in new environments and examination of the reproductive system of these species is interesting. To date, no embryological investigations had been directed to A. altissima and our knowledge on the embryology of this species was very limited. A study was carried out on the embryology of A. altissima and the comparison of anther development in male and female flowers in order to gain insights into defining embryological features in this species. According to the results of histological analysis, male flowers have rudimentary gynoecia and anthers are tetrasporangiate. Cytokinesis in meiosis is simultaneous resulting in tetrahedral tetrads. Anther wall development follows the dicotyledonous type and the tapetum is secretory. Female flowers have staminodes and microspore mother cells are degraded too early before entering the course of meiosis. Ovules are anatropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate. The development of the embryo sac follows the polygonum type. Embryos follow the Onagrad type. The endosperm development is nuclear type. A well-developed hypostase is present and a nucellar cap is formed. These observations will advance our understanding of embryology and embryo anatomy in A. altissima as an invasive species.


کلیدواژه‌ها English

anther
embryo
hypostase
ovule
tree of heaven
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یافته های نوین در علوم زیستی
دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 20
تابستان 1398
صفحه 184-197

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405

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