ساختار و پاسخ رتینوموتوری شبکیه چشم ماهی سفید

نویسندگان

دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده
تحقیق حاضر ساختار شبکیه ماهی سفید دریای خزر و واکنش این ماهی در برابر تغییر نور محیطی را در مرحله بلوغ بررسی می­کند. ماهی سفید دریای خزر(Rutilus frisii subsp. kutum) از جمله ماهیان آنادرموس و بومی دریای خزر و از جمله ماهیان همه چیز خوار است. نمونه ­های بالغ از مرکز تکثیر و پرورش ماهیان استخوانی شهید انصاری شهر رشت تهیه شدند و به­ منظور سازش به شرایط روشنایی و تاریکی به مدت نیم ساعت در تاریکی مطلق و روشنایی روز قرار گرفتند. سپس شبکیه چشم جهت مطالعه بافت شناسی با میکروسکوپ نوری و الکترونی جداسازی و آماده شدند. برای آگاهی از ساختار و انواع سلول ­ها و لایه­ های شبکیه مقاطع طولی و جهت مشخص کردن آرایش سلول­ های مخروطی شبکیه مقاطع عرضی از شبکیه تهیه شد. ده لایه سلولی در شبکیه ماهی سفید مشاهده شد. در لایه سلول­های گیرنده نوری علاوه بر سلول­ های استوانه ­ای، سلول­ های مخروطی منفرد کوتاه دیده شد. در مقاطع عرضی آرایش و الگوی مشخصی از ترتیب و قرار گرفتن سلول­های مخروطی به ­دست نیامد در بررسی واکنش رتینوموتور در ماهی سفید مشخص شد که شبکیه این ماهی به تغییر شرایط نوری پاسخ می­ دهد. نتایج پاسخ رتینوموتور و شاخص رنگدانه­ای قابل ملاحظه حاکی از اتکای جانور بر دید استوانه ­ای در نور اندک است. از طرف دیگر تغییر میوئید سلول­ های مخروطی نشان­ دهنده قابلیت دید نگی در ماهی سفید نیز هست.


کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Retinal morphology and retinomotor response in Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii subsp. kutum)

نویسندگان English

Maryam Abbasi
Nader Shabanipour
University of Guilan
چکیده English

In this study, the morphology and organization of the retina of Caspian kutum and fish response to ambient light as retinomotor reaction was investigated. The Rutilus frisii subsp. kutum is an anadromous fish and important native fish specimen of Caspian Sea. The specimens were obtained from Shahid Ansari Teleost Reproduction and Culture center (Guilan province, Iran). For light and dark adaptation fish were left in dark and light at least 30 minute prior to death. The eye retina were dissected out and processed for histological and SEM studies. The eye retina of Caspian kutum like most vertebrates, was composed of ten layers. Two types of photoreceptor cells including rod and short single cone were identified. Sagittal and transverse retinal sections did not show any particular patterns of cone arrangement. The retinomotor response observed in adapted retina to light and dark conditions revealed that Caspian kutum strongly reacts to changing light conditions. A remarkable pigment index indicated kutum relied mostly on rod rather than cone vision. The movement of pigment granules and slight change of cone myoid showed that the fish could recognize colors.



کلیدواژه‌ها English

cell arrangement
fish
Histology
response to light
SEM
Ali, M.A., Stevenson, W.R. and Press, J. S. 1961. Histophysiological on the juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) retina. Rates of light- and dark adaptation. ‒ Can. J. Zool. 39: 123-128. [DOI:10.1139/z61-015]
Ali, M.A., Stevenson, W.R. and Press, J. S. 1961. Histophysiological on the juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) retina. Rates of light- and dark adaptation. ‒ Can. J. Zool. 39: 123-128. [DOI:10.1139/z61-015]
Ali, M.A. 1971. Retinomotor response: characteristics and mechanisms. ‒ Vision Res. 11: 1225-1288. [DOI:10.1016/0042-6989(71)90010-1]
Ali, M.A. 1971. Retinomotor response: characteristics and mechanisms. ‒ Vision Res. 11: 1225-1288. [DOI:10.1016/0042-6989(71)90010-1]
Ali, M.A. 1975. Retinomotor responses. In, Vision in fihes, edited by M.A. Ali, Plenum, New York, pp: 313-355. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4757-0241-5_30]
Ali, M.A. 1975. Retinomotor responses. In, Vision in fihes, edited by M.A. Ali, Plenum, New York, pp: 313-355. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4757-0241-5_30]
Ali, M.A. and Klyne, M.A. 1985. Vision in Vertebrates. Plenum Press, New York and London. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-9129-6]
Ali, M.A. and Klyne, M.A. 1985. Vision in Vertebrates. Plenum Press, New York and London. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-9129-6]
Blaxter, J.H. S. and Staines, M. 1970. Pure-cone retinae and retinomotor responses in larval teleosts. ‒ J. Mar. BioL. Assoc. 50: 449-460. [DOI:10.1017/S0025315400004641]
Blaxter, J.H. S. and Staines, M. 1970. Pure-cone retinae and retinomotor responses in larval teleosts. ‒ J. Mar. BioL. Assoc. 50: 449-460. [DOI:10.1017/S0025315400004641]
Bone, Q. and Moore, R.H. 2003. Biology of Fishes. Taylor and Fransis, 456p.
Bone, Q. and Moore, R.H. 2003. Biology of Fishes. Taylor and Fransis, 456p.
Bozzano, A. and Catalan, I.A. 2002. Ontogenetic changes in the retinal topography of the European hake, Merluccius merluccius: implications for feeding and depth distribution. ‒ Mar. Biol. 141: 549-559. [DOI:10.1007/s00227-002-0840-7]
Bozzano, A. and Catalan, I.A. 2002. Ontogenetic changes in the retinal topography of the European hake, Merluccius merluccius: implications for feeding and depth distribution. ‒ Mar. Biol. 141: 549-559. [DOI:10.1007/s00227-002-0840-7]
Bozzano, A. and Collin, S.P. 2002. Retinal ganglion cell topography in elasmobranchs. ‒ Br. Behav. Evolu. 55, 191-208. [DOI:10.1159/000006652]
Bozzano, A. and Collin, S.P. 2002. Retinal ganglion cell topography in elasmobranchs. ‒ Br. Behav. Evolu. 55, 191-208. [DOI:10.1159/000006652]
Bozzano, A., Murgia, R., Vallerga, S., Hirano, J. and Archer, S. 2001. The photoreceptor system of the retinae of two dogfishes, Scyliorhinus canicula and Galeus melastromus: possible relationship with depth and predatory lifestyle. ‒ J. Fish. Biol. 59: 1258-1278. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00190.x]
Bozzano, A., Murgia, R., Vallerga, S., Hirano, J. and Archer, S. 2001. The photoreceptor system of the retinae of two dogfishes, Scyliorhinus canicula and Galeus melastromus: possible relationship with depth and predatory lifestyle. ‒ J. Fish. Biol. 59: 1258-1278. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00190.x]
Burnside, B., and Basingert, S. 1983. Retinomotor pigment migration in the teleost retinal pigment epithelium. 11. Cyclic-30, 50- adenosine monophosphate induction of dark-adaptive movement in vitro. Invest. Ophthal.Vis. Sci. 24:16-23.
Burnside, B., and Basingert, S. 1983. Retinomotor pigment migration in the teleost retinal pigment epithelium. 11. Cyclic-30, 50- adenosine monophosphate induction of dark-adaptive movement in vitro. Invest. Ophthal.Vis. Sci. 24:16-23.
Burnside, B., Evans, M., Fletcher, R.T. and Chader G.J. 1982. Induction of dark-adaptive retinomotor movement (cell elongation) in teleost retinal cones by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. ‒ J. Gen. Physiol. 79:759-774. [DOI:10.1085/jgp.79.5.759]
Burnside, B., Evans, M., Fletcher, R.T. and Chader G.J. 1982. Induction of dark-adaptive retinomotor movement (cell elongation) in teleost retinal cones by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. ‒ J. Gen. Physiol. 79:759-774. [DOI:10.1085/jgp.79.5.759]
Dearry, A. and Burnside, B. 1989. Light-induced dopamine release from teleost retinas acts as a light-adaptive signal to the retinal pigment epithelium. ‒ J. Neurochem. 53: 870-878. [DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11785.x]
Dearry, A. and Burnside, B. 1989. Light-induced dopamine release from teleost retinas acts as a light-adaptive signal to the retinal pigment epithelium. ‒ J. Neurochem. 53: 870-878. [DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11785.x]
Donatti, L. and Fanta, E. 1999. Morphology of the retina in the freshwater fish Metynnis roosevelti Eigenmann (Characidae, Serrasalminae) and the effects of monochromatic red light. ‒ Revta bras. Zool. 16: 151-173. [DOI:10.1590/S0101-81751999000100011]
Donatti, L. and Fanta, E. 1999. Morphology of the retina in the freshwater fish Metynnis roosevelti Eigenmann (Characidae, Serrasalminae) and the effects of monochromatic red light. ‒ Revta bras. Zool. 16: 151-173. [DOI:10.1590/S0101-81751999000100011]
Donatti, L. and Fanta, E. 2007. Retinomotor movements in the Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi Boulenger submitted to different environmental light conditions. ‒ Revta bras. Zool. 24: 457-462.
Donatti, L. and Fanta, E. 2007. Retinomotor movements in the Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi Boulenger submitted to different environmental light conditions. ‒ Revta bras. Zool. 24: 457-462.
Easter, S.S. and Macy, A. 1978. Local control of retinomotor activity in the fish retina. ‒ Vis. Res. 18: 937-942. [DOI:10.1016/0042-6989(78)90021-4]
Easter, S.S. and Macy, A. 1978. Local control of retinomotor activity in the fish retina. ‒ Vis. Res. 18: 937-942. [DOI:10.1016/0042-6989(78)90021-4]
Fishelson, L, Ayalon, G, Zverdling, A, and Holzman, R. 2004. Comparative morphology of the eye (with particular attention to the retina) in various species of cardinal fish (Apogonidae, Teleostei). ‒ Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell. Evol. Biol. 277: 249-261. [DOI:10.1002/ar.a.20005]
Fishelson, L, Ayalon, G, Zverdling, A, and Holzman, R. 2004. Comparative morphology of the eye (with particular attention to the retina) in various species of cardinal fish (Apogonidae, Teleostei). ‒ Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell. Evol. Biol. 277: 249-261. [DOI:10.1002/ar.a.20005]
Futter, C.E., Ramalho, J.S., Jaissle, G.B., Seeliger, M.W., Miguel, C. and Seabra, M.C. 2004. The role of Rab27a in the regulation of melanosome distribution within retinal pigment epithelial cells. ‒ Mol. Biol. Cell. 15: 2264-2275. [DOI:10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0772]
Futter, C.E., Ramalho, J.S., Jaissle, G.B., Seeliger, M.W., Miguel, C. and Seabra, M.C. 2004. The role of Rab27a in the regulation of melanosome distribution within retinal pigment epithelial cells. ‒ Mol. Biol. Cell. 15: 2264-2275. [DOI:10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0772]
Gegenfurter, K.R., Mayser, H. and Sharpe, L.T. 1999. Seeing movement in the dark. ‒ Nature 398: 475-476. [DOI:10.1038/19004]
Gegenfurter, K.R., Mayser, H. and Sharpe, L.T. 1999. Seeing movement in the dark. ‒ Nature 398: 475-476. [DOI:10.1038/19004]
Gnyubkina, V. P. and Maksimovich, A. A. 2008. The Retinomotor Reaction of the Retina of Young Dog Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta on Adaptation to Light and the Field of a Permanent Magnet. ‒ Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 38: 821-827. [DOI:10.1007/s11055-008-9058-6]
Gnyubkina, V. P. and Maksimovich, A. A. 2008. The Retinomotor Reaction of the Retina of Young Dog Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta on Adaptation to Light and the Field of a Permanent Magnet. ‒ Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 38: 821-827. [DOI:10.1007/s11055-008-9058-6]
González, A., Crittenden, E.L. and García, D.M. 2004. Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors elicits pigment granule dispersion in retinal pigment epithelium isolated from bluegill. ‒ BMC Neurosci. 13: 5-23.
González, A., Crittenden, E.L. and García, D.M. 2004. Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors elicits pigment granule dispersion in retinal pigment epithelium isolated from bluegill. ‒ BMC Neurosci. 13: 5-23.
Hodel, C., Neuhauss, S.C.F. and Biehlmaier, O. 2006. Time course and development of light adaptation processes in the outer zebrafish retina. ‒ Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell. Evol. Biol. 288: 653-662. [DOI:10.1002/ar.a.20329]
Hodel, C., Neuhauss, S.C.F. and Biehlmaier, O. 2006. Time course and development of light adaptation processes in the outer zebrafish retina. ‒ Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell. Evol. Biol. 288: 653-662. [DOI:10.1002/ar.a.20329]
John, K.R., Segall, M. and Zawatzky, L. 1967. Retinomotor rhythms in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. ‒ Biol. Bull. 132: 200-210. [DOI:10.2307/1539888]
John, K.R., Segall, M. and Zawatzky, L. 1967. Retinomotor rhythms in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. ‒ Biol. Bull. 132: 200-210. [DOI:10.2307/1539888]
Kawamura, G., Bagarinao, T.U., Justin, J., Chen, C.Y. and Lim, L.S. 2016. Early appearance of the retinal tapetum, cones, and rods in the larvae of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. ‒ Ichthyol. Res. 6: 1-4. [DOI:10.1007/s10228-016-0513-z]
Kawamura, G., Bagarinao, T.U., Justin, J., Chen, C.Y. and Lim, L.S. 2016. Early appearance of the retinal tapetum, cones, and rods in the larvae of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. ‒ Ichthyol. Res. 6: 1-4. [DOI:10.1007/s10228-016-0513-z]
Kopperud, K. L. and Grace, M.S. 2017. Circadian rhythms of retinomotor movement in a marine megapredator, the atlantic tarpon, megalops atlanticus. ‒ IJMS. 18: 1-15.
Kopperud, K. L. and Grace, M.S. 2017. Circadian rhythms of retinomotor movement in a marine megapredator, the atlantic tarpon, megalops atlanticus. ‒ IJMS. 18: 1-15.
Kolbinger, W., Wagner, D. and Wagner, H. J. 1996. Control of rod retinomotor movements in teleost retinae: The role of dopamine in mediating light-dependent and circadian signals. ‒ Cell Tissue Res. 285: 445-451. [DOI:10.1007/s004410050661]
Kolbinger, W., Wagner, D. and Wagner, H. J. 1996. Control of rod retinomotor movements in teleost retinae: The role of dopamine in mediating light-dependent and circadian signals. ‒ Cell Tissue Res. 285: 445-451. [DOI:10.1007/s004410050661]
Kröger, R.H.H., Knoblauch, B. and Wagner, H.J. 2003. Rearing in different photic and spectral environments changes the optomotor response to chromatic stimuli in the cichlid fish Aequidens pulcher. ‒ J. Exp. Biol. 206: 1643-1648. [DOI:10.1242/jeb.00337]
Kröger, R.H.H., Knoblauch, B. and Wagner, H.J. 2003. Rearing in different photic and spectral environments changes the optomotor response to chromatic stimuli in the cichlid fish Aequidens pulcher. ‒ J. Exp. Biol. 206: 1643-1648. [DOI:10.1242/jeb.00337]
Kusmic, C. and Gualtieri, P. 2000. Morphology and spectral sensitivities of retinal and extra retinal photoreceptors in fresh water teleosts. ‒ Micron. 31: 183-200. [DOI:10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00081-5]
Kusmic, C. and Gualtieri, P. 2000. Morphology and spectral sensitivities of retinal and extra retinal photoreceptors in fresh water teleosts. ‒ Micron. 31: 183-200. [DOI:10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00081-5]
Losey, G.S., Cronin, T.W., Goldsmith, T.H., Hyde, D., Marshall, N.J. and McFarland, W.N. 1999. The UV visual world of fishes: a review. ‒ J. Fish Biol. 54: 921-943. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00848.x]
Losey, G.S., Cronin, T.W., Goldsmith, T.H., Hyde, D., Marshall, N.J. and McFarland, W.N. 1999. The UV visual world of fishes: a review. ‒ J. Fish Biol. 54: 921-943. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00848.x]
Menger, G.J., Koke, J.R. and Cahill, G.M. 2005. Diurnal and circadian retinomotor movements in zebrafish. ‒ Vis. Neurosci. 22: 203-209. [DOI:10.1017/S0952523805222083]
Menger, G.J., Koke, J.R. and Cahill, G.M. 2005. Diurnal and circadian retinomotor movements in zebrafish. ‒ Vis. Neurosci. 22: 203-209. [DOI:10.1017/S0952523805222083]
Masuma, S., Kawamura, G., Tezuka, N., Koiso, M. and Namba, K. 2001. Retinomotor responses of juvenile bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus. ‒ Fish Sci. 67: 228-231. [DOI:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00244.x]
Masuma, S., Kawamura, G., Tezuka, N., Koiso, M. and Namba, K. 2001. Retinomotor responses of juvenile bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus. ‒ Fish Sci. 67: 228-231. [DOI:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00244.x]
McFarland, W.N. 1991. Light in the sea: The optical world of elasmobranchs. ‒J. Exp. Zool. Suppl. 5: 3-12.
McFarland, W.N. 1991. Light in the sea: The optical world of elasmobranchs. ‒J. Exp. Zool. Suppl. 5: 3-12.
Myrberg, A. A., Jr., and Fuiman, L.A. 2002. The sensory world of coral reef fishes. Pages 123-148 in P. F. Sale, editor. Coral reef fishes: dynamics and diversity in a complex ecosystem. Academic Press, San Diego, California. [DOI:10.1016/B978-012615185-5/50009-8]
Myrberg, A. A., Jr., and Fuiman, L.A. 2002. The sensory world of coral reef fishes. Pages 123-148 in P. F. Sale, editor. Coral reef fishes: dynamics and diversity in a complex ecosystem. Academic Press, San Diego, California. [DOI:10.1016/B978-012615185-5/50009-8]
Nag, T.C. and Sur, R.K. 1992. Cones in the retina of the catfish, Clarias batrachus (L.). ‒ J. Fish Biol. 40: 967-969. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02642.x]
Nag, T.C. and Sur, R.K. 1992. Cones in the retina of the catfish, Clarias batrachus (L.). ‒ J. Fish Biol. 40: 967-969. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02642.x]
Nicol, A.C. 1963. Some aspects of photoreception and vision in fishes. Adv. Mar. Biol. 1: 171-208. [DOI:10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60259-X]
Nicol, A.C. 1963. Some aspects of photoreception and vision in fishes. Adv. Mar. Biol. 1: 171-208. [DOI:10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60259-X]
Novales, F.I. and Harosi, F.I. 2000. Photoreceptors, visual pigments and ellipsosomes in the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus: a microspectrophotometric and histological study. ‒ Vis. Neurosci. 17: 403-420. [DOI:10.1017/S0952523800173080]
Novales, F.I. and Harosi, F.I. 2000. Photoreceptors, visual pigments and ellipsosomes in the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus: a microspectrophotometric and histological study. ‒ Vis. Neurosci. 17: 403-420. [DOI:10.1017/S0952523800173080]
Reckel, F., Hoffmann, B., Melzer, R.R., Horppila, J. and Smola, U. 2003. Photoreceptors and cone patterns in the retina of the smelt Osmerus eperlanus (L.) (Osmeridae: Teleostei. ‒ Acta Zool. 84: 161-170. [DOI:10.1046/j.1463-6395.2003.00142.x]
Reckel, F., Hoffmann, B., Melzer, R.R., Horppila, J. and Smola, U. 2003. Photoreceptors and cone patterns in the retina of the smelt Osmerus eperlanus (L.) (Osmeridae: Teleostei. ‒ Acta Zool. 84: 161-170. [DOI:10.1046/j.1463-6395.2003.00142.x]
Taylor, S., Chen, J., Luo, J. and Hitchcock, P. 2012. Light-induced photoreceptor degeneration in the retina of the zebrafish. Methods Mol. Biol. 884: 247-254. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-848-1_17]
Taylor, S., Chen, J., Luo, J. and Hitchcock, P. 2012. Light-induced photoreceptor degeneration in the retina of the zebrafish. Methods Mol. Biol. 884: 247-254. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-848-1_17]
Taylor, S. Loew, E and Grace, M.S. 2015. Ontogenic retinal changes in three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes (elopomorpha:teleostei) correlate with light environment and behavior. ‒ Vis. Neurosci. 32: 1-13. [DOI:10.1017/S0952523815000024]
Taylor, S. Loew, E and Grace, M.S. 2015. Ontogenic retinal changes in three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes (elopomorpha:teleostei) correlate with light environment and behavior. ‒ Vis. Neurosci. 32: 1-13. [DOI:10.1017/S0952523815000024]
Torisawa, S., Takagi, T., Fukuda, H., Ishibashi, Y., Sawada, Y., Okada, T., Miyashita, S., Suzuki, K. and Yamane, T. 2007. Schooling behaviour and retinomotor response of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis under different light intensities. ‒ J. Fish Biol. 71: 411-420. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01498.x]
Torisawa, S., Takagi, T., Fukuda, H., Ishibashi, Y., Sawada, Y., Okada, T., Miyashita, S., Suzuki, K. and Yamane, T. 2007. Schooling behaviour and retinomotor response of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis under different light intensities. ‒ J. Fish Biol. 71: 411-420. [DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01498.x]
Vatine, G., Vallone, D., Gothilf, Y., Foulkes, N.S. 2011. It's time to swim! Zebrafish and the circadian clock. FEBS letters 585: 1485-1494. [DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.007]
Vatine, G., Vallone, D., Gothilf, Y., Foulkes, N.S. 2011. It's time to swim! Zebrafish and the circadian clock. FEBS letters 585: 1485-1494. [DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.007]
Welsh, J.H. and Osborn, C.M. 1937. Diurnal changes in the retina of the catfish Ameiurus nebulosus. ‒ J. Comp. Neurol. 66: 349. [DOI:10.1002/cne.900660206]
Welsh, J.H. and Osborn, C.M. 1937. Diurnal changes in the retina of the catfish Ameiurus nebulosus. ‒ J. Comp. Neurol. 66: 349. [DOI:10.1002/cne.900660206]

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405