طراحی فتوبیوراکتور جدید مهندسی جهت بهینه سازی مقدار بیومس تولیدی در ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 پژوهشکده علوم پایه کاربردی جهاددانشگاهی

چکیده
خواص ویژه و کاربری‌های گوناگون گونۀ ریزجلبکی اسپیرولینا به تمرکز روزافزون حوزه‌های مختلف بیوتکنولوژی به کشت تجاری این گونه و روش‌های کاهش هزینۀ آن منجر شده است، اما کشت باز، که در اغلب کشت‌های تجاری مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد، مشکلات و نواقصی نظیر خطر آلودگی، نفوذ نکردن نور به عمق، اختلاط ناکارآمد و پایین بودن بهره‌وری دارد. در این پژوهش با طراحی و ساخت یک فتوبیوراکتور جدید و بهره‌گیری از ناحیۀ کنترلی، سیستم آسانسوری جایگزین پمپاژ (برای کاهش آسیب به سلول­های شکننده) و ملاحظات ساختاری بافل‌ها و هوادهی (برای اختلاط بهتر)، اقداماتی در جهت رفع مشکلات مذبور انجام شد و تأثیر سه فاکتور حجم ناحیۀ کنترلی (%)، سیکل اختلاط (hr) و شدت تابش (Lux) بر خواص کمی وزن خشک (g/l) و میزان رشد مخصوص (day-1) ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا با روش پاسخ سطح-طراحی مرکزی بررسی شد. بیشترین میزان وزن خشک بیومس (g/l 915/0) در بیشترین سیکل اختلاط (12 ساعت)، حجم کنترلی 30درصد و شدت تابش 7000 لوکس ایجاد شد. و میزان بهینه تابش برای دست­یابی به بیشترین بیومس برابر 8700 لوکس بود. براساس این نتایج و به سبب تاثیر زیاد فاکتورهای سیکل اختلاط و حجم ناحیه کنترلی، می­توان با کنترل حجم محدودی (فقط 20درصد) از برکه­ های باز، ضمن رعایت ملاحظات اقتصادی، به افزایش بهره­ وری و ارتقای کشت دست یافت و جهت افزایش بهره­ وری کل، از یک ناحیه کنترلی برای تعدادی از برکه­ های باز بهره ­برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The innovative engineered photobioreactor to optimize the amount of microalgae Spirulina biomass

نویسندگان English

Sasan Ghobadian 1
Hossein Ganjidoust 1
Bita Ayati 1
Neda Soltani 2
چکیده English

Special properties and various applications of Spirulina species have led to the growing focus of biotechnology to the cost effective cultivation. Open ponds used in the most commercial cultivation have many deficiencies such as risk of contamination, lack of light penetration, inefficient mixing and low productivity. In this study, an innovative reactor was designed and manufactured. By adding a control area, it was possible to control some environmental conditions for a limited amount of open pond volume. The conventional pumping system was replaced by a new elevator system to reduce the damage of to the fragile cells. The baffles structure and aeration from bottom, contributed to better mixing system. The effect of tree factors (Circulation Cycle (Cir. Cyc.), Control Volume (Con.Vol.) and Irradiance Intensity (Irr. Int.) in units of hours, percentage and Lux respectively) on the quantity of biomass (Specific Growth Rate (SGR, day-1) and fifth and seventh day dry weight (g/L)) were evaluated using RSM-CCD. The maximum biomass dry weight (0.915 g/L) was achieved in longest circulation cycle (12 hours), 30% Con. Vol. and 7000 Lux light intensity. The optimal irradiance intensity to achieve the highest biomass was 8700 Lux. According to the results, due to the great influence of Con. Vol. and Cir. Cyc., it is possible to increase the productivity and enhance the culture dry weight by controlling a limited amount of ponds volume (20%), subject to economic considerations. These successful results can provide the context using a control zone for several open ponds to improve the overall efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

biotechnology
Bioreactor
RSM-CCD
specific growth rate
Spirulina cultivation
Ben-Amotz, A. 1995. New mode of Dunaliella biotechnology: two-phase growth for β-carotene production. – J. Appl. Phycol. 7: 65-68.
Bezerra, R.P., Matsudo, M.C., Sato, S., Perego, P., Converti, A. and de Carvalho, J.C.M. 2012. Effects of photobioreactor configuration, nitrogen source and light intensity on the fed-batch cultivation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. Bioenergetic aspects. – Biomass Bioenergy 37: 309-317.
Brennan, L. and Owende, P. 2010. Biofuels from microalgae-a review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products. – Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 14: 557-577.
Brentner, L.B., Eckelman, M.J. and Zimmerman, J.B. 2011. Combinatorial life cycle assessment to inform process design of industrial production of algal biodiesel. – Environ. Sci. Technol. 45: 7060-7067.
Chen, F., Zhang, Y. and Guo, S. 1996. Growth and phycocyanin formation of Spirulina platensis in photoheterotrophic culture. – Biotechnol Lett. 18: 603-608.
Chisti, Y. 2007. Biodiesel from microalgae. – Biotechnol. Adv. 25: 294-306.
Chisti, Y. 2008. Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol. – Trends Biotechnol. 26: 126-131.
Ciferri, O. 1983. Spirulina, the edible microorganism. – Microbiol. Rev. 47: 551-578.
Clarens, A.F., Resurreccion, E.P., White, M.A., and Colosi, L. M. 2010. Environmental life cycle comparison of algae to other bioenergy feedstocks. – Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 44: 1813-1819.
Da Silva Vaz, B., Costa, J.A.V., and de Morais, M.G. 2016. CO2 Biofixation by the cyanobacterium Spirulina sp. LEB 18 and the green alga Chlorella fusca LEB 111 grown using gas effluents and solid residues of thermoelectric origin. – Int. J. Appl. Biotechnol. Biochem. 178: 418-429.
Danesi, E., Rangel-Yagui, C., Carvalho, J., and Sato, S. 2004. Effect of reducing the light intensity on the growth and production of chlorophyll by Spirulina platensis. – Biomass Bioen. 26: 329-335.
De Morais, M.G. and Costa, J.A.V. 2007. Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella kessleri, C.vulgaris Scenedesmus obliquus and Spirulina sp. cultivatedin flasks and vertical tubular photobioreactors. – Biotechnol. Lett. 29: 1349-1352.
Ezzati, R. and Sabourirad, V. 2013. Photoinhibition effect on PSII under rnvironmental stresses and their accelerating manner. – The second national confe-rence on planning and environmental protection.
Ferreira, L.S., Rodrigues, M.S., Converti, A., Sato, S., and Carvalho, J.C.M. 2010. A new approach to ammonium sulphate feeding for fed‐batch Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivation in tubular photobioreactor. – Biotechnol. Prog. 26: 1271-1277.
Flickinger, M.C. and Drew, S.W. 1999. Encyclopedia of bioprocess technology. – John Wiley. 2756 pp.
Ghobadian, S., Ganjidoust, H., Ayati, B., Soltani, N. 2015. Evaluation of the affects of aeration cycle and culture medium concentration on biomass qualitative and quantitative indices in microalga spirulina as candidate for wastewater treatment. – J. Aqua. Ecol. 2: 87-99.
Ghobadian, S., Ganjidoust, H., Ayati, B., Soltani, N. 2016. The growth and quality optimization of spirulina biomass by reducing the dilution medium and using the aeration cycle. – TMJ Biot. In press.
Ghobadian, S., Ganjidoust, H., Ayati, B., Soltani, N. 2017. Chlorophyll and Carotenoid optimization of spirulina biomass in an innovative reactor. – TMJ Biot. In press.
Giordano, M., Palmucci, M. and Norici, A. 2015. Taxonomy and growth conditions concur to determine the energetic suitability of algal fatty acid complements. – J. Appl. Phycol. 27: 1401-1413.
Gitelson, A., Qiuang, H. and Richmond, A. 1996. Photic volume in photobioreactors supporting ultrahigh population densities of the photoautotroph Spirulina platensis. – J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 1570-1573.
Grima, E.M., Sevilla, J.F., Perez, J.S. and Camacho, F.G. 1996. A study on simultaneous photolimitation and photoinhibition in dense microalgal cultures taking into account incident and averaged irradiances. – J. Biotechnol. 45: 59-69.
Hu, Q., Sommerfeld, M., Jarvis, E., Ghirardi, M., Posewitz, M., Seibert, M. and Darzins, A. 2008. Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances. – Plant J. 54: 621-639.
Imai, Y., Suzuki, M., Masamoto, M., Nagayasu, K. and Kishimoto, M. 1994. Glucoamylase production of Aspergillus oryzae in fed-batch culture using a statistical regression model. – J. Biosci. Bioeng. 78: 310-314.
Jiang, L., Pei, H., Hu, W., Ji, Y., Han, L. and Ma, G. 2015. The feasibility of using complex wastewater from a monosodium glutamate factory to cultivate Spirulina subsalsa and accumulate biochemical composition. – Bioresource Technol. 180: 304-310.
Lenth, R.V. 2009. "Response-surface methods in R, using rsm. – J. Stat. Soft. 32: 1-17.
Li, Y., Chen, Y.F., Chen, P., Min, M., Zhou, W., Martinez, B., Zhu, J. and Ruan, R. 2011. Characterization of a microalga Chlorella sp. well adapted to highly concentrated municipal wastewater for nutrient removal and biodiesel production. – Bioresour Bioproc. 102: 5138-5144.
Li, Z.Y., Guo, S.Y. and Li, L. 2003. Bioeffects of selenite on the growth of Spirulina platensis and its biotransformation. – Bioresour Technol. 89: 171-176.
Lin, C.C., Wei, C.H., Chen, C.I., Shieh, C.J. and Liu, Y.C. 2013. Characteristics of the photosynthesis microbial fuel cell with a Spirulina platensis biofilm. – Bioresour Technol. 135: 640-643.
Lynch, H.C. and Bushell, M.E. 1995. The physiology of erythromycin biosynthesis in cyclic fed batch culture. –Microbiol. 141: 3105-3111.
Marquez, F.J., Sasaki, K., Kakizono, T., Nishio, N. and Nagai, S. 1993. Growth characteristics of Spirulina platensis in mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. – J. Ferment. Bioeng. 76: 408-410.
Moraes, L., da Rosa, G.M., Cardias, B.B., dosSantos, L.O. and Costa, J.A.V. 2016. Microalgal biote-chnology for greenhouse gas control: carbon dioxide fixation by Spirulina sp. at different diffusers. – Ecol. Eng. 91: 426-431.
Morais, M.G.D., Radmann, E.M., Andrade, M., Teixeira, G.G., Brusch, L.R.D.F. and Costa, J.A.V. 2009. Pilot scale semicontinuous production of Spirulina biomass in southern Brazil. – Aquacul. 294: 60-64.
Parimi, N.S., Singh, M., Kastner, J.R. and Das, K.C. 2015. Biomethane and biocrude oil production from protein extracted residual Spirulina platensis. – Energy 93: 697-704.
Prussi, M., Buffi, M., Casini, D., Chiaramonti, D., Martelli, F., Carnevale, M., Tredici, M.R. and Rodolfi, L. 2014. Experimental and numerical investigations of mixing in raceway ponds for algae cultivation. – Biomass Bioenergy 67: 390-400.
Pulz, O. and Scheibenbogen, K. 1998. Photobioreactors: design and performance with respect to light energy input. Bioprocess and algae reactor technology, apoptosis. – Springer 123-152 pp.
Qiang, H., Guterman, H. and Richmond, A. 1996. Physiological characteristics of Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteria) cultured at ultrahigh cell densities. – J. Phycol. 32: 1066-1073.
Radmann, E.M., Reinehr C.O. and Costa, J.A.V. 2007. Optimization of the repeated batch cultivation of microalga Spirulina platensis in open raceway ponds. – Aquacul. 265: 118-126.
Raquel, R.S., Ofélia, Q.F., José, L.M. and Ricardo, M.Ch. 2016. Cultivation of Spirulina maxima in medium supplemented with sugarcane vinasse. – Bioresour. Technol. 204: 38-48.
Ravelonandro, P.H., Ratianarivo, D.H., Joannis-Cassan, C., Isambert, A. and Raherimandimby, M. 2011. Improvement of the growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis from Toliara (Madagascar): effect of agitation, salinity and CO2 addition. – Food and Bioproducts Processing 89: 209-216.
Rodrigues, M.S., Ferreira, L.S., Converti, A., Sato, S. and De Carvalho, J.C.M. 2011. Influence of ammonium sulphate feeding time on fed-batch Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivation and biomass composition with and without pH control. – Bioresour. Technol. 102: 6587-6592.
Rose, P. and Dunn, K. 2013. A high rate ponding unit operation linking treatment of tannery effluent and Arthrospira (Spirulina) biomass production. 1: process development. – Biomass Bioenergy 51: 183-188.
Seyfabadi, J., Ramezanpour, Z. and Khoeyi, Z.A. 2011. Protein, fatty acid, and pigment content of Chlorella vulgaris under different light regimes. – J. Appl. Phycol. 23: 721-726.
Tredici, M.R. 2010. Photobiology of microalgae mass cultures: understanding the tools for the next green revolution. – Biofuels 1: 143-162.
Vonshak, A., Abeliovich, A., Boussiba, S., Arad, S. and Richmond, A. 1982. Production of Spirulina biomass: effects of environmental factors and population density. – Biomass 2: 175-185.
Wahidin, S., Idris, A. and Shaleh, S.R.M. 2013. The influence of light intensity and photoperiod on the growth and lipid content of microalgae Nannoc-hloropsis sp. – Bioresour. Technol. 129: 7-11.
Wang, C.Y., Fu, C.C. and Liu, Y.C. 2007. Effects of using light-emitting diodes on the cultivation of Spirulina platensis. – Biochem. Eng. J. 37: 21-25.
Wuang, S.C., Khin, M.C., Chua, P.Q.D. and Luo, Y.D. 2016. Use of Spirulina biomass produced from treatment of aquaculture wastewater as agricultural fertilizers. – Algal Res. 15: 59-64.
Xue, S., Su, Z. and Cong, W. 2011. Growth of Spirulina platensis enhanced under intermittent illumination. – J. Biotechnol. 151: 271-277.
Yagui, C.O.R., Danesi, E.D.G., Carvalho, J.C.M. and Sato, S. 2004. Chlorophyll production from Spirulina platensis: cultivation with urea addition by fed-batch process. – Bioresour Technol. 92: 133-141.
Yang, J., Xu, M., Zhang, X., Hu, Q., Sommerfeld, M. and Chen, Y. 2011. Life-cycle analysis on biodiesel production from microalgae: water footprint and nutrients balance. – Bioresour Technol. 102: 159-165.
Zhou, W., Li, Y., Min, M., Hu, B., Zhang, H., Ma, X., Li, L. Cheng, Y., Chen, P. and Ruan, R. 2012a. Growing wastewater-born microalga Auxenochlorella prototh-ecoides UMN280 on concentrated municipal waste-water for simultaneous nutrient removal and energy feedstock production. – Appl. Energy. 98: 433-440.
Zhou, W., Min, M., Li, Y., Hu, B., Ma, X., Cheng, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, P. and Ruan, R. 2012b. A hetero-photoautotrophic two-stage cultivation process to improve wastewater nutrient removal and enhance algal lipid accumulation. – Bioresour Technol. 110: 448-455.

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405