مطالعه بوم شناسی فردی گیاه کمای سازویی در استان خوزستان، ایران

نویسندگان

دانشگاه خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان

چکیده
گونۀ گیاهی کُمای سازوئی (Ferula stenocarpa) گیاهی است پایا از تیرۀ کرفسیان با ارتفاع حدود 2 متر که در دمای زیاد ناحیۀ رویشی سودانی رشد می­کند. هدف از این تحقیق، مطالعۀ بوم ­شناسی فردی گونۀ انحصاری ایران به نام کُمای سازوئی در استان خوزستان است. ابتدا، نقشۀ رویشگاه تهیه شد و ویژگی­ های رویشگاهی شامل پستی و بلندی، اقلیم، ویژگی­ های خاک، گونه­ های همراه، فنولوژی، سیستم ریشه، مطالعات و تشریحی این گونه بررسی و گزارش شد. نتایج نشان داد که این گونه در دامنۀ ارتفاعی 159 تا 850 متر از سطح دریا با متوسط بارندگی 4/112 تا 9/482 میلی­متر و متوسط دمای سالانه، 47/24 تا 93/25 درجۀ سانتی­ گراد رویش دارد و به ­لحاظ جهت شیب تقریباً محدودیتی ندارد ولی شیب­ های 40 تا 60 درصد را ترجیح می­دهد. در خاک ­هایی با بافت لومی، لومی­رسی تا لومی­سیلتی و غیرشور و از نظر مواد آلی و عناصر غذایی نیتروژن و فسفر فقیر می­روید. هدایت الکتریکی خاک رویشگاه 1-72/0 دسی­زیمنس بر متر و اسیدیتۀ آن در حدود 47/7 تا 85/7 است. رشد رویشی گیاه اواسط اسفندماه، زمان ظهور گل­ ها اواسط فروردین و شروع بذردهی گیاه هفتۀ آخر اردیبهشت است و بذرها تا اوایل خردادماه ریزش می­کنند. این گونه فقط از طریق بذر تکثیر می­شود. دانۀ گردۀ این گیاه دوکی­شکل و بیضوی، با سه شیار شکاف ­مانند است. کُمای سازوئی در رویشگاه­­ های خود تیپ غالب را تشکیل نداده و به­ صورت منفرد و پراکنده و لک ه­ای مشاهده شده­ است که از نابودی عرصه ­های طبیعی این گیاه به­ دلیل چرای بیش از حد حکایت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Autecology of Ferula stenocarpa boiss. & Hausskn in Khuzestan Province, Iran

نویسندگان English

Farib Noedoost
Somaye Dehdari
Damon Razmjoei
Rahele Ahmadpour
Parvaneh Shoukat
Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology
چکیده English

Ferula stenocarpa from Apiaceae family is a perennial plant with about 2 meters height, which grows in the high temperature of sudanian regions. This research was aimed to investigate the autecology of an endemic plant to Iran, Ferula stenocarpa, in Khuzestan province. Initially, the habitat map was prepared and characteristics of the species habitat including topography, climate, soil properties, companion species, palynology, anatomical studies were determined. In addition, the phenology stage and root system was investigated. The results show that this species is distributed in the altitudes ranging from 159 to 850 m.a.s.l., with the mean annual precipitation of 112.4 to 482.9 millimeters and mean annual temperature of 24.47 to 25.93 ºC. This plant species is found in habitats with different topographic aspects and no slope limitations with slopes 40-60% as preferred slopes. Soil texture was loam, clay loam and silty loam, weak alkaline, and poor in phosphorus and nitrogen. Electrical Conductivity is 1-0.72 ds/m and soil pH of 7.47-7.85. The vegetative growth of this species starts from mid-March. The flowers appear in April and seeds ripen in late on May. The plant propagates only by seeds. Pollen is prolate, elliptic and tricolporate. The destruction of natural habitats of this plant due to overgrazing causes that we find this plant as individual and scattered spots in their natural habitat.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Apiaceae
autecology
endemic species
Phenology
Umbellifereae
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405