نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
3
Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
4
1. Infection Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14117-18541, Iran
چکیده
Objective: This study assessed total aflatoxin concentrations in Iranian fish and meat powders by product type, season, and year.
Methods: We analyzed 166 samples collected during 2014–2024 (fish powder, n = 85; meat powder, n = 81) using the AgraQuant® Total Aflatoxin 1/20 competitive ELISA (Romer Labs; catalog no. 10002100). Product types were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests; seasonal and annual distributions were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn’s comparisons. Results below the kit-reported LOD of 1 µg/kg were assigned zero by lower-bound substitution; samples ≥1 µg/kg were classified as positive. This operational threshold was not a validated matrix-specific LOD or LOQ. Chi-square tests and Spearman correlation assessed prevalence and temporal associations, respectively.
Results: Overall, 117/166 samples (70.5%) met the positivity threshold. Concentrations ranged from 0 to 10.0 µg/kg (mean, 1.92 ± 2.23; median, 1; IQR, 0–3). No significant differences occurred by product type (U = 3206, p = 0.4298) or season (H(3) = 3.865, p = 0.2764). Annual distributions differed (H(10) = 26.09, p = 0.0036), with a significant difference only between 2015 and 2021 (adjusted p = 0.0042). Sample-level correlation between year and concentration was weakly negative (ρ = −0.195, p = 0.0120), whereas annual median correlation was not significant (ρ = −0.258, p = 0.4441).
Conclusions: Total aflatoxin concentrations were generally low. Concentrations did not differ significantly by product type or season. Annual distributions varied, but annual medians showed no significant monotonic trend. Continued monitoring is warranted, although contamination sources cannot be inferred.
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